GOV unit 2 Flashcards
Enumerated powers Definition
the powers given explicitly to the federal government by the constitution
Enumerated powers Examples:
Raise and support armies, declare war, coin money, and conduct foreign affairs
Concurrent Powers definition
Shared and overlapping powers
Concurrent Powers example
taxing, borrowing, and making and enforcing laws, and establishing court systems
Elastic clause definition
the nessesary and proper clause
reserved powers definition
shared and overlapping powers, powers are reserved to the state and denied to the federal government
Writ of Habeas Corpus
Gave the right to petition a judge
Ex post facto laws
a law that prohibits criminalizing an act that happened “after the fact”
supremacy Clause definition
Federal laws is superior to laws passed by states
full faith and credit clause
requires states to accept court decisions, public acts, and contracts of other states
Privileges and immunity clause
prohibits states from discriminating against out-of-staters
separation of power
the sharing of powers among three separate branches of government
expenditures of the federal government
social security
medicare
defense
interest on debt
discretionary spending
state government expenditures
education
healthcare
public safety
infanstructure
transportation
key differences between federal and state expenditures
scope and scale
funding sources
discretion vs. mandated
key similarities between state and federal governments
public welfare focus
response to economic conditions
McCulloch v. Maryland case
addressed whether the state of Maryland could tax a federally chartered bank
McCulloch v. Maryland impact
reinforced federal authority and confirmed that states could not interfere with or tax legitimate activities of the federal government. It established a precedent for a broad interpretation of federal powers, solidifying the concept of federal supremacy.
Gibbons v. Ogden case
involved a dispute over steamboat navigation rights between New York and New Jersey
Gibbons v. Ogden impact
clarified the federal government’s role in managing economic activities that cross state lines
Article 1
Establishes the structure and powers of Congress, which consists of the House of Representatives and the Senate.
Details the legislative process, the powers of Congress, and the requirements for membership.
Article 2
Defines the powers and responsibilities of the President and the executive branch.
Outlines the election process for the President, the qualifications for office, and the powers of the presidency, including enforcement of laws and command of the military.
article 3
Establishes the Supreme Court and other federal courts.
Defines the jurisdiction of the judiciary and the terms of judges, emphasizing the role of the courts in interpreting laws and protecting rights
article 4
Addresses the relationships and responsibilities between states, including the Full Faith and Credit Clause, which requires states to recognize each other’s laws and judicial decisions.
Provides for the admission of new states and the protection of states against invasion and domestic violence.
article 5
Outlines the process for amending the Constitution, ensuring that it can adapt to changing needs and circumstances over time.
Article 6
Establishes that the Constitution, federal laws, and treaties are the supreme law of the land, overriding state laws.
Requires an oath of office for all officials and prohibits religious tests
Article 7
Ratification
Details the process for ratifying the Constitution, requiring approval from nine states for it to take effect.
