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US GOV - SHERRY > Gov Semester 1 Final > Flashcards

Gov Semester 1 Final Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the three main components of government?

A

people: elected & non-elected

powers: gov’s authority & ability to get stuff done (3 branches)

policies: laws, programs, actions

  • ^ know what they mean too *
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2
Q

What is a state?

A

Political unit with power to enforce laws

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3
Q

What are states characteristics?

A

Sovereignty (self-governed), population, territory

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4
Q

For people to accept forms of rule, what do rulers need?

A

Legitimacy

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5
Q

What is the social contract

A

Following rules for protection, we can overthrow gov by voting

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6
Q

Whos credited with the idea of the social contract?

A

John Locke

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7
Q

What is a monarchy?

A

Inherited position, one person in charge, autocracy (one person ruler)

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8
Q

What is a dictatorship?

A

One person (or small group) having unlimited power, use fear and force

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9
Q

What is an oligarchy?

A

A small group being in charge (typically in a dictatorship)

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10
Q

What is direct democracy?

A

Democracy: Ruled by the people, people are the source of govs power
People vote on everything

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11
Q

What is a republic?

A

Indirect or representative democracy

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12
Q

What is a unitary system?

A

National gov has ultimate authority

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13
Q

What is a federal system?

A

Separate and shared power, both gov and state have shared power

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14
Q

What is a confederate system?

A

States have the ultimate authority

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15
Q

What is a presidential system?

A

Elected by the people, head of executive branch and military, sets foreign policies, sets direction for domestic legislation

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16
Q

What is a parliamentary system?

A

A prime minister and legislative in same branch
PM a member of parliament and heads majority party

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17
Q

What are the ideals of american democracy?

A

Liberty, equality, self-government

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18
Q

What is liberty?

A

Freedom from gov control, dec of independence, freedom to exercise rights

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19
Q

What is equality?

A

Fair treatment and equal opportunities for everyone

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20
Q

What is self-gov?

A

Ordinary people become in charge
People are the source of power

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21
Q

What is majority rule and minority rights?

A

Right for the unpopular groups opinions, can debate and vote in elections

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22
Q

What are the three branches?

A

Legislative, Judicial, Executive

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23
Q

What does the legislative branch do?

A

House of reps and senate

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24
Q

What is judicial branch?

A

Courts and judges, civil cases

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25
Q

What is the executive branch?

A

Enforcing laws, president

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26
Q

What is a bicameral gov?

A

2 houses in a gov

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27
Q

What is a Proprietary colony?

A

king gave land grant and proprietor (appointed by king) makes laws

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28
Q

What is a Royal colony?

A

directly appointed by king and controlled by a governor (does what king wants)

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29
Q

What is a Charter colony?

A

King and Colony agreed to charter and the colony runs itself

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30
Q

What is the stamp act?

A

Tax on all paper goods
Colonies met and told the king the power to tax should be left to the colonies

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31
Q

What is the first continental congress?

A

Georgia didn’t come. Called for the repeal of intolerable acts, king says no

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32
Q

What is the second continental congress?

A

Asked again to repeal intolerable acts, he said no again

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33
Q

What are the articles of confederation?

A

the written document that established the functions of the national government of the United States after it declared independence from Great Britain.

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34
Q

What is shay’s rebellion?

A

Farmers were going to lose their farms so Daneil Shay led the farmers and surrounded and rioted around a courthouse to prevent the foreclosure hearings ,
Gov couldnt ask states for help or money

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35
Q

What is the virginia plan?

A

Edmund Randolph
- 3 branches, checks and balances
- power to tax, override state laws, control commerce between states,
- Bicameral legislature w/ membership based on population (power based on pop)

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36
Q

What is the new jersey plan?

A

William Patterson
- 3 Branches
-Unicameral legislature w/ membership based on equal representation (equal power)

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37
Q

What is the great compromise?

A

Combined VA and NJ plans
Bicameral legislature (house of rep: pop based, elected by people
Senate: equal rep chosen by state legislature)

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38
Q

What is the 3/5’s compromise?

A

The south wanted slaves to count in the population for representatives, and the north didn’t
- 3/5 of total number of slaves counted in the pop

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39
Q

What did the federalists want for the constitution?

A

They wanted the constitution

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40
Q

Antifederalists?

A

Didn’t want constitution, wanted a bill of rights

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41
Q

What is the bill of rights?

A

12 amendments, freedom of speech, right to bear arms, etc…

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42
Q

What is popular sovereignty?

A

We the people, the gov gets power from the people elected leaders, republic
First basic principle of governing

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43
Q

What is limited gov?

A

rule of law (everyone no matter role in gov has to follow the laws), bill of rights, informed citizens
Second basic principle of governing

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44
Q

What is rule of law?

A

everyone no matter their role in gov has to follow the laws

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45
Q

What is separation of powers?

A

3 SEPERATE branches (judicial, executive, legislative)
legislative: makes laws
judicial: interprets laws
executive: carries out laws

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46
Q

What is checks and balances?

A
  • prevents one branch from becoming too powerful
    -> easiest example: president can veto laws, goes back to congress and they can override that too
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47
Q

What is a veto?

A

Bill is rejected

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48
Q

What is judicial review?

A

-> power of courts to deicide if an action is unconstitutional

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49
Q

What is unconstitutional mean?

A

failing to comply with a constitution.

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50
Q

What is federalism?

A

Division of power between state and federal gov

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51
Q

What is Supremacy clause?

A

It prohibits states from interfering with the federal government’s exercise of its constitutional powers

52
Q

Marbury v. Madison?

A

Adams appointed marbury a job right before leaving office, next pres tried to fire him

53
Q

What is a repeal?

A

To cancel or revoke a law

54
Q

What are executive agreements?

A

Conducting foreign policies

55
Q

Political parties?

A

Effect change of presidential primary system informally amending the constitution

56
Q

What is the cabinet?

A

advisory body made up of the heads of the 15 executive departments. Appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate, the members of the Cabinet are often the President’s closest confidants.

57
Q

What is a gridlock?

A

The ability to govern effectively due to separation of power

58
Q

What is the electoral college?

A

Process of which the president is elected, 270 to win

59
Q

Enumerated powers

A

powers granted to the Federal government, and specifically Congress,
- article 1, section 8

60
Q

implied powers

A

powers given to the national gov that are assumed from the consitition

61
Q

inherent powers

A

national gov’s powers it needs because it is a national gov

62
Q

reserved powers

A

10th ammendment
regulate health, safety, morals, etc for the citizens of the states

63
Q

Concurrent powers

A

things that both national and state gov can do

64
Q

full faith and credit clause

A

that state courts respect the laws and judgments of courts from other states

65
Q

dual federalism?

A

Layer cake, authority is clearly divided among all levels of gov

66
Q

Cooperative federalism

A

Marble cake, authority mixed among the state and local gob

67
Q

Creative Federalism

A

Even more marbled cake,

68
Q

New federalism

A

little less marbled, returned power to states

69
Q

what led towards cooperative federalism

A

stock market crash, great depression

70
Q

what is giving power back to the states in the era of new federalism is

A

devolution

71
Q

McCulloch v Maryland

A

created implied powers and national bank

72
Q

a constituent is

A

people who are represented by a member of congress

73
Q

apportionment

A

figuring out where the 435 reps go

74
Q

appropriation

A

taking something without someone’s premission

75
Q

impeachment

A

Impeachment is the process of bringing charges against a government official for wrongdoing.
-> only 3 presidents

76
Q

what is Oversight

A

the review, monitoring, and supervision of federal agencies, programs, activities, and policy implementation.

77
Q

Necessary and proper clause

A

The Necessary and Proper Clause is an implied power that gives Congress the power to write laws beyond what is written in the Constitution.

78
Q

Deficit

A

amount owed yearly

79
Q

Writ of Habeas corpus

A

protects against unlawful and indefinite imprisonment

80
Q

bill of attainder ex post facto

A

a law that acts retroactively or after the fact to criminalise an act that was legal at the time it was committed

81
Q

laws

A

when a pres signs a bill it becomes a law

82
Q

Reapportionment

A

census 10 years,
figuring out where the 435 reps go

83
Q

Gerrymandering

A

drawing district lines to the advantage of one political party over another

84
Q

Speaker of the House

A

most powerful member of the house

85
Q

floor leader

A

Both party leaders
- serve as the spokesperson for their party’s positions on the issues and coordinate their respective legislative strategies.

86
Q

party caucus

A

a meeting or grouping of supporters or members of a specific political party or movement.

87
Q

standing committee

A

a permanent committee in Congress that oversees bills that deal with certain kinds of issues.

88
Q

select committees

A

temporary committees created with a timeline to complete a specific task, like investigating government activity.

89
Q

joint committees

A

debate and report on matters concerning the Congress rather than issues of public policy.

90
Q

president of the senate

A

vice president

91
Q

president pro tempore

A

senior member of majority party

92
Q

senate majority leader

A

leader of party

93
Q

seniority rule

A

the custom in Congress providing for the assignment of a committee chairpersonship to that member of the majority party who has served on the committee the longest.

94
Q

filibuster

A

long talking debate to prevent or delay a bill
only senate

95
Q

conference committeee

A

work out differences between the house and senate (bills)

96
Q

Presidents 4 options when a bill is passed

A

sign: turns into a law

10-day rule: if pres doesnt do anything for 10 days, automatically passes

veto: rejects bill, but can be overwritten

Pocket veto: the pres gets bill 9 days before congress leaves, it dies if he doesn’t do anything

97
Q

how many houses are in congress

A

2

98
Q

laws made by the will of people come through which body

A

congress

99
Q

how many total senators are there

A

100

100
Q

how many total reps are there

A

435

101
Q

how long is the term for a rep

A

2

102
Q

how long is the term for a senator

A

6

103
Q

the house of reps was an idea that came from this plan

A

viriginia

104
Q

the senate was an idea that came from

A

new jersey

105
Q

the current congress came from an idea from

A

connecticut

106
Q

to be eligible for the house you must be

A

25

107
Q

to be eligiable for the senate you must be

A

30

108
Q

how long must you be a citizen to be on the senate

A

9

109
Q

to be eligible for the house a person must be a citizen for how many years

A

7

110
Q

Chief Executive

A

“top cop” POTUS

111
Q

commander in chief

A

when POTUs uses troops in military action

112
Q

foreign policy

A

chief diplomat, negotiates treaties, ambassadors

113
Q

diplomacy

A

the art and science of maintaining peaceful relationships between nations, groups, or individuals

114
Q

chief of state

A

symbolic figure head, ceremonial role

115
Q

succession

A

vice president takes over if pres is dead,
- taking over role passed down

116
Q

executive orders

A
  • like a law w/o comgress
  • directs the executive branch on how to do their job
    POTUS can act alone when doing this
117
Q

executive privilege

A

POTUS can refuse to give information to congress in order to shield information

118
Q

diplomatic recognition

A

negotitate treaties, form alliances, end conflicts

119
Q

reprieve

A

temp halt to a criminal punishment

120
Q

pardon

A

forigving a crime committeed by an indiviual

121
Q

amnesty

A

forgiving a crime by a group of people

122
Q

commute

A

shortening of a criminal sentence

123
Q

Executive office of the preSIDENT

A

VP and cabinet

124
Q

white house office

A

executive branch

125
Q

NSC

A

National Security Council

126
Q

executive departments

A

The Cabinet includes the Vice President and the heads of 15 executive departments

127
Q
A

US GOV - SHERRY (4 decks)

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