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Question 1

political ideology

Answer 1

certain set of ethical ideals, principles, doctrines, myths or symbols of a social movement, institution, class or large group that explains how society should work and offers some political and cultural blueprint for a certain social order.

Question 2

liberal

Answer 2

a supporter of policies that are socially progressive and promote social welfare.

Question 3

conservative

Answer 3

conservatives tend to believe in traditional authority

Question 4

gender gap

Answer 4

Gap in any area between women and men in terms of their levels of participation, access, rights, remuneration or benefits.

Question 5

random sample

Answer 5

one way of determining whether enough valid signatures have been submitted to election officials to qualify an initiative for the ballot.

Question 6

margin of error

Answer 6

a range of values above and below the actual results from a survey.

Question 7

tracking poll

Answer 7

a poll in which responses are obtained in a number of consecutive periods

Question 8

push poll

Answer 8

A push poll is an interactive marketing technique, most commonly employed during political campaigning, in which an individual or organization attempts to influence prospective voters’ views under the appearance of conducting an opinion poll.

Question 9

exit poll

Answer 9

a poll of voters taken immediately after they have exited the polling stations

Question 10

political socialization

Answer 10

the process by which individuals internalize and develop their political values, ideas, attitudes, and perceptions via the agents of socialization

Question 11

1 voter choice act

Answer 11

prohibited states from imposing qualifications or practices to deny the right to vote on account of race

Question 12

pre clearance/ shelby v holder

Answer 12

the formula for determining whether changes to a state’s voting procedure should be federally reviewed is now outdated

Question 13

rational non voting

Answer 13

rational non-voting results from the anticipation that the electoral result is about to be decisive

Question 14

“apathy is functional

Question 15

single member districts

Answer 15

A single-member district is an electoral district represented by a single officeholder.

Question 16

proportional representation

Answer 16

an electoral system in which parties gain seats in proportion to the number of votes cast for them.

Question 17

ranked choice voting

Answer 17

Voters rank the candidates for a given office by preference on their ballots. If a candidate wins an outright majority of first-preference votes

Question 18

Top 2 primary

Answer 18

It does not matter if one candidate receives a majority of the votes cast: the top two vote getters always advance to the general election

Question 19

Duverger’s Law

Answer 19

Duverger’s law holds that in political systems with only one winner (as in the U.S.), two main parties tend to emerge with minor parties typically splitting votes away from the most similar major party.

Question 20

party organization

Answer 20

Parties provide an organizational structure for leaders in office, develop policy agendas, and ensure that majority and minority party opinions are voiced.

Question 21

party in government

Answer 21

a committee or organization whose nominated or selected candidates for federal office appear on the ballot as the party’s candidates.

Question 22

party in the electorate

Question 23

party platform

Answer 23

A political party platform, party program, or party manifesto is a formal set of principal goals which are supported by a political party or individual candidate, in order to appeal to the general public, for the ultimate purpose of garnering the general public’s support and votes about complicated topics or issues.

Question 24

Pluralism

Answer 24

Pluralism as a political philosophy is the recognition and affirmation of diversity within a political body, which is seen to permit the peaceful coexistence of different interests, convictions, and lifestyles.

Question 25

disturbance theory

Answer 25

the nature of the environment controls the composition of the sward.

Question 26

collective goods

Answer 26

Goods that benefit every individual belonging to some group, and where it is hard to exclude any individual from that benefit

Question 27

collective benefits

Answer 27

a first-of-its kind platform providing insurance and benefits specifically for independent workers.

Question 28

interest group benefits:

Answer 28

(selective, informational, material, solidary, purposive

Question 29

selective benefits

Answer 29

benefits that are conferred only on those who join the group and contribute to the collective good.

Question 30

informational benefits

Answer 30

Group members are provided with magazines, fliers, and other materials that keep them informed.

Question 31

material benefits

Answer 31

Group members are given discounts and group rates by virtue of being part of the group.

Question 32

solidary benefits

Answer 32

Group members benefit from networking and getting to know other group members with similar interests.

Question 33

purposive benefits

Answer 33

Group members enjoy the satisfaction of knowing that they have contributed to a cause that they value.

Question 34

collective action problem

Answer 34

a scenario in which there is conflict between the individual interest and the group interest.

Question 35

free riders

Answer 35

A free rider is someone who wants others to pay for a public good but plans to use the good themselves; if many people act as free riders, the public good may never be provided.