Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pathophysiology For HIM > Goulds Chpts 1,2,6,7,8 > Flashcards

Goulds Chpts 1,2,6,7,8 Flashcards

1
Q

Pathophysiology

A

Study of functional (physiologic) changes in the body as a result from a disease process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Pathogenesis

A

Refers to the development of the disease or the sequence of events involved in the tissue changes related to the specific disease process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Homeostasis

A

Maintains a relative stable environment regardless of external changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Microscopic

A

Cellular level. Can only see with a microscopy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Diagnosis

A

Identification of a specific disease through evaluation of signs (objective:example fever) symptoms (subjective: example “sharp pain”)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Etiology

A

Causative factors in a particular disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Idiopathic

A

The cause of the disease is unknown

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Iatrogenic

A

When a treatment, procedure or physician error cause a disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Predisposing factors

A

“High-risk” factors that have the tendencies to promote the development of a disease in an individual.
Example: age, race, gender, habits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Prophylaxis

A

Preventive measure to spread disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Insidious onset

A

The start of the disease is a gradual progression with only vague or mild signs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Acute disease

A

A short-term illness that develops quickly.

Sudden, severe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Chronic disease

A

A milder condition that develops gradually but persists for a long period of time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Subclinical

A

Pathologic changes occur but no obvious manifestations are exhibited by the patient.

Example kidney damage progressed to advance stages of renal failure before symptoms manifested.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Latent stage

A

After exposure to a disease it is the Silent stage with no clinical evidence, signs or symptoms but the probably communicable (easily spread to others)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Parethesias

A

“Pins & needles” sensation

Common in hypo- and hyper- kalemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Cardiac dysrhythmia, neuromuscular deficiency, paresthesias, shallow breathing and renal failure are all signs of what type of blood disorder?

A

Hyperkalemia

And hypokalemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What impact does hypokalemia have on the body?

A

Cardiac dysrhythmia, neuromuscular deficiency, paresthesias, shallow breathing, renal failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Disease

A

Deviation from the normal state of health or homeostasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Acidosis primarily effects what system in the body?

A

Nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

This substance is used to fight microorganisms on living tissue

A

Antiseptic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Condition with the prescence of nits at the base of hair shaft

A

Pediculosis (Lice)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Predicted outcome or likelihood of recovery from a specific disease

A

Prognosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Name for white blood cell

A

Leukocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Maintenance of a stable internal environment regardless of the outside environment

A

Homeostasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

A very severe, systematic allergic reaction and may be fatal

A

Anaphylaxis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

This condition usually indicates the presence of a bacterial infection

A

Leukocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Microbes present in the blood, specifically bacteria

A

Septicemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Higher number of cases of infectious disease in many regions across the globe

A

Pandemic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Cellular adaptation in which the cell size decreases

A

Atrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

This substance used to fight microorganisms on non living surfaces

A

Disinfectant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Hansen’s disease that is caused by bacterium

A

Leprosy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

A collection of signs and symptoms that usually occur together in response to a certain condition

A

Syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Layer of skin that lacks blood vessels and nerves.

A

Epidermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

This infection is highly contagious with small vesicles that rupture to produce a crusty brown pruritic mass

A

Impetigo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Hypocalcemia may cause this condition; another name for constant muscle contraction

A

Tetany

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

This disease deposits collagen in the small blood vessels in the skin and sometimes the viscera

A

Scleroderma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Constant sweating

A

Diaphoresis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Common cause for diaphoresis

A

Hyponatremia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Precipitating factor

A

A circumstance that causes a sudden acute episode of a chronic disease to occur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

A disease causing microbe is what?

A

Pathogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Anaerobic bacterium

A

Thrives in the absence of oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Bacilli bacteria

A

Rod-shaped organisms which include vibrio (curved rods) and pleomorphic (variable and indistinct shape)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Cocci bacteria

A

Spherical shape or berry shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Strep(to)-

A

Chains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Staph(ylo)-

A

Grape like clusters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Palisade-

A

Refers to bacterial cells lying together with the long sides parallel

48
Q

Pili or fimbriae

A

Tiny hair like structures found on some bacteria

49
Q

Exotoxins

A

Usually produced by GRAM-POSITIVE bacteria and diffuse through body fluids

50
Q

Enterotoxins

A

Toxin Stimulate the vomiting center and cause gastrointestinal stress

51
Q

Endotoxin

A

Present in the cell wall and released after bacterium dies

52
Q

Virus

A

A parasite that requires a living host cell for replication. They mutate easily which makes them hard to control

. I.e. Influenza

53
Q

Name three microorganisms that have similarities to both bacteria and viruses. They replicate by binary fission but require living cells to reproduce.

A

Chlamydiae, rickettsiae, mycoplasmas

54
Q

Fungi is often found where?

A

On dead organic material such as plants promoted by warmth and moisture

55
Q

Tinea pedis

A

Fungal infection on the skin called Athlete’s foot

56
Q

Candida

A

Fungus in the oral cavity is called thrush

57
Q

Protozoa

A

More complex organisms that can live on dead or live organic matter. I.e.: malaria

58
Q

Eukaryotic cells

A

Cells with a nucleus they lack cell walls (except plants) their DNA is enclosed in the nuclear membrane

The opposite is prokaryotic cell, a simple structure with a cell wall

59
Q

Helminths

A

Parasite worms

60
Q

Prions

A

Abnormal molecule transmissible in tissue contaminated with a protein

61
Q

When a group of cells in a body dies, the change is called

A

Necrosis

62
Q

A raised, thin-walled lesion containing clear fluid is called

A

Vesicle

63
Q

Metabolic acidosis is likely to be caused by what prolonged sign

A

Diarrhea

64
Q

A deviation from the normal state of health and function

A

Disease

65
Q

Apoptosis is what?

A

Preprogrammed cell self-destruction

66
Q

Universal precaution

A

Treat everyone like they are sick. Precaution taken assuming all body fluids are possible sources of infection

67
Q

Nosocomial

A

Infections that occur from exposure in a healthcare facility, doctors office, hospital, nursing home

68
Q

A change in a tissue marked by cells that vary in size and shape. Large nuclei are frequently present

A

Dysplasia

69
Q

Deficiency of potassium

A

Hypokalemia

70
Q

The term to Control bleeding

A

Hemostasis

71
Q

A symptomatic person whose body harbors pathogens and can transmit them to others

A

Carrier

72
Q

Increased cell size

A

Hypertrophy

73
Q

Communicable

A

Infectious diseases that can spread from one person to another

74
Q

The science of tracking the pattern or occurrence of a disease

A

Epidemiology

75
Q

Hyperplasia

A

Increased number (quantity) of cells resulting in an enlarged tissue mass

76
Q

Mortality

A

Indicate the relative number of deaths resulting from a particular disease

77
Q

One mature cell type is replaced by different mature cell type

A

Metaplasia

78
Q

Sequelae

A

Unwanted outcome from a primary condition. Example paralysis following a stroke

79
Q

Disease rate within a certain group is called what?

A

Morbidity rate

80
Q

Subjective feelings such as pain or nausea are know as what in the diagnosis?

A

Symptom

81
Q

Ischemia

A

Decreased supply of oxygenated blood to Cells

82
Q

Hypoxia

A

Decreased or insufficient level of oxygen in the tissues

83
Q

Anaplasia

A

Cells that are undifferentiated with variable nuclear and cell structures. Characteristics of cancer

84
Q

Hematocrit and what could elevate it?

A

% of RBC to total blood or whole blood

Dehydration

85
Q

Incubation period

A

The disease process is developing

86
Q

Prodromal

A

Early development of the disease. Signs absent or nonspecific

87
Q

Third spacing fluid

A

Fluid shifts out of blood into body cavity or tissue and can no longer renter vascular compartment

Example ascitis

88
Q

Hypernatremia

A

Too much sodium in the blood

89
Q

Hypokalemia

A

Low potassium in the blood
Effects: cardiac dysrhythmia, neuromuscular functions, paresthesias (pins&needles feeling), shallow respiration, polyuria

Normal range is 3.5-5.0u

90
Q

Low pH less than 7.4

A

Acidosis to much hydrogen ions

91
Q

High pH more than 7.4

A

Alkalosis hydrogen ions are too low

92
Q

Hypocalcemia

A

Low calcium in the blood. Some causes: increased pH level alkalosis, renal failure, hypoparathyroidism

93
Q

Tetany

A

Constant muscle contractions

94
Q

Paresthesias

A

Pins and needles sensation

95
Q

Nevus or Nevi

A

Mole

96
Q

Hemostasis

A

Stop bleeding

97
Q

Bacterial endospore

A

Latent stage. Can’t reproduce. Can survive long periods in adverse conditions

98
Q

Keratin

A

Protein in epidermis that prevents fluid loss from body and letting excessive water into body (while swimming)

99
Q

Epidermis stratum basale

A

Only layer where mitosis occurs

100
Q

Stratum corneum

A

Outer most layer of epidermis made up of mostly dead cells

101
Q

Name 4 types of hypersensitivity

A

1) allergic
2) cytotoxic - IgG react example incompatible blood transfusion
3) immune complex
4) cell mediated or delayed example TB test

102
Q

Pruritic

A

Itchy

103
Q

Purulent

A

Pus

104
Q

Utricaria

A

Hives or Wheals

Hypersensitive type 1

105
Q

Atopic dermatitis

A

Eczema

Dry, scaly, itchy rash

106
Q

Red lesions that develop into a silvery patch

A

Psoriasis

107
Q

Autoimmune disorder causes blisters ( bullae) skin sheds leaving painful open sore

A

Pemphigus

108
Q

Collagen deposits into arterioles or capillaries reducing blood flow

A

Scleroderma

109
Q

Furuncles

A

Boils
Begins are hair follicles
Usually large amount of purulent exudate (pus)

110
Q

Fomites

A

Inanimate objects like doorknobs transmitted bacteria

111
Q

Erysipelas

A

Cellulitis infection of dermis and subcutaneous tissue. Red streaks may develop

112
Q

Acute necrotizing fasciitis

A

Flesh eating disease

Mixture of anaerobic and aerobic bacteria

113
Q

Type of latent disease triggered active by common cold, stress or sun exposure

A

Herpes simplex

114
Q

Verrucae

A

Warts

115
Q

IgG

A

Immunoglobulin
Most common in the blood
Fights infection neutralizes viruses and toxins
Gets transferred from mother to baby

116
Q

IgA

A

Immunoglobulin

Found in mucous secretions

117
Q

IgM

A

Immunoglobulin
Physically the largest antibody produced by B cells. Mostly produced in the spleen it’s the first responder to antigens(foreign bodies)

Pathophysiology For HIM (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions