GORD and gastric ulcers Flashcards
what causes GORD?
the relaxation of the lower oesophageal sphincter (LOS) in absence of swallowing
what glands in the stomach release gastric acid?
oxyntic glands
how do H+ ions enter the stomach ?
CO2 diffuses into pareteral cells from the blood plasma and is hydrated into carbonic acid which dissociates into HCO3- and H+ ions, HCO3- enters the blood stream and H+ ions then move into the stomach via the H+/K+ proton pump transporter on the basolateral membrane, Cl- and K+ return to the lumen and HCl is made
give 3 positive regulators of gastric acid secretion?
- acetylcholine
- histamine
- gastrin
describe the stages of gastric acid secretion?
- cephalic: after the thought, smell or sight of food
- gastric: when food enters the stomach, peptides in the food stimulate G cells which release gastrin to stimulate the release of HCL
- intestinal: chyme enters the duodenum and activates D cells which secrete somatostatin and inhibits HCL increasing the PH
what is secreted by the pyloric region of the stomach?
both gastrin and mucus
what process inside the stomach creates a protective barrier?
secretion of alkaline rich fluid from the pyloric glands
what are the symptoms of GORD?
heartburn
what is a red flag symptom of GORD?
difficulty swallowing
what is the difference between gastric and duodenal ulceration?
gastric ulceration is caused by damage to the epithelium whereas duodenal ulceration is caused by an increase in acid production
what Bacteria caused peptic ulceration?
H.Pylori
how do NSAIDS (e.g ibuprofen) cause gastric ulcers?
NSAIDS decrease prostaglandin production, the role of prostaglandin is to inhibit gastric acid secretion and increase mucosa secretion
give 3 symptoms of gastric ulceration?
- upper abdominal pain
- feeling uncomfortably full
- bloating
- heartburn
give 2 red flag symptoms of gastric ulceration and what may be causing this?
unexplained weight loss, black or red or tarry stools, this may be caused by a GI bleed
give 2 non medical pieces of advice for GORD / ulceration?
- weight loss
- reduce fatty food intake