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DAY 1 - CORRELATION FINALS > GOPSEA > Flashcards

GOPSEA Flashcards

1
Q

West Philippine Sea Basin, is bounded by _____, ________, _______, and _______ to the west and the _______ on the East

A

West - Nankai Trough, Ryu Kyushu Trench, Luzon Trough, and Philippine Trench
East - Palau-Kyushu Ridge

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2
Q

The four major submarine ridges of the West Philippine Sea Basin are the

A

Palau-Kyushu, Izu Bonin, Marianas and West-Marianas Ridges.

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3
Q

Represents the morphologic expression of the subduction of the
oceanic crust of the South China Sea under the Luzon Arc

A

Manila Trench

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4
Q

Believed to be part of mainland Asia that was rifted during Paleogene time

A

Northern Palawan Microcontinental Block

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5
Q

Consist of ophiolitic terrane with superimposed sedimentary
formations

A

Southern and Central Palawan Block

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6
Q

It corresponds to a volcanic arc that was active until the end of early Miocene. Its southern flank is characterized by the presence of SE-dipping normal faults which define its contact with the SE
subbasin

A

Cagayan de Sulu Ridge

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7
Q

Is composed of an oceanic basement covered with a thin (1 to 2 km) sedimentary fill

A

Sulu Sea Basin

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8
Q

Separates the Sulu Sea Basin from the Celebes Sea Basin. It is manifested as a group of islands in which some are classified as Pleistocene-Holocene with one active volcano. It is composed of volcanic islands: mainly Jolo and Basilan, and a dismembered
Ophiolite: Tawitawi

A

Zamboanga - Sulu Ridge

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9
Q

Result of the subduction of Molluca Sea

A

Sangihe Arc

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10
Q

What are the 4 ophiolite belts in the Philippines

A

(i) Palawan;
(ii) western Luzon-Panay-Zamboanga-Sulu;
(iii) Masbate-Leyte-Central
Mindanao; and
(iv) Isabela-Bicol-Samar-Eastern Mindanao

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11
Q

Is one of two blocks that make up the Masinloc Massif of the Zambales Ophiolite Complex. It is made up of very fertile lherzolites, harzburgites, transition zone dunites, layered ultramafic cumulate rocks (websterites, wehrlites, clinopyroxenites), mafic
cumulate rocks (gabbronorites, norites, gabbros), sheeted diabase dike sill complex and pillow basalts.

A

Acoje Block

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12
Q

Consists of residual harzburgites, a thin transition zone dunites, cumulate gabbros and troctolites. It lacks a well developed layered ultramafic cumulate sequence.

A

Coto Block

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13
Q

characterized by dismembered units in east verging thrust faults in the Romblon Island Group

A

Sibuyan Ophiolitic Complex

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14
Q

The __________- and the
magmatic arc in Cebu island were previously thought of as a forearc – volcanic arc pair related to the north-northwestward (present geographic setting) subduction of
a Mesozoic oceanic plate along the proto-Southeast Bohol Trench.

A

Cretaceous Southeast Bohol Ophiolite Complex

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15
Q

North-east and north-south trending ophiolite bodies occupy the Antique Range in western Panay, particularly along the Sibalom River

A

Antique Ophiolite

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16
Q

Age of Proto-Philippine Sea Plate

A

Mesozoic

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17
Q

Is a NS-trending complete ophiolite sequence that forms
the Cretaceous basement of northeastern Luzon Island in the Philippines

A

Isabela Ophiolite

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18
Q

The ________ rock units, which form part of the basement of Caramoan Peninsula are exposed on the western side of the Caramoan
Peninsula in southeastern Luzon

A

Lagonoy Ophiolite

19
Q

Is composed of dismembered but complete crust-mantle sequence observed in the Pitogo block located at the western side
of Rapu-Rapu island in southeastern Luzon

A

Rapu-Rapu Ophiolite

20
Q

Comprises most of the Diinagat Island group, extending to Surigao del Sur and along the Mainit Range in northeastern Mindanao

A

Dinagat Ophiolite

21
Q

This caused the obduction of Palawan ophiolite

A

Reed Bank/Dangerous grounds - Cagayan de Sulu Ridge collision

22
Q

Oldest magmatism in the Philippines

A

Central Cordillera Batholith

23
Q

Result of Back-arc rifting of the Luzon Central Cordillera during the
activity of the Proto-Luzon trough

A

Northern Sierra Madre

24
Q

Volcanoes present in Bataan Arc, Zambales

A

Mt. Pinatubo,
Mt. Arayat,
Mt. Mariveles

25
Q

Present day northern continuation of the Sangihe arc

A

Sarangani Arc

26
Q

The Tampakan district is
flanked by two extensional basins, the _________ to the west and the ________ to the east

A

Cotabato Basin; Sarangani Basin

27
Q

What are the major segments of the Philippine Fault

A

North Luzon
South Luzon
Masbate
Leyte
Mindanao

28
Q

The Philippine Fault-North Luzon Segments

A

San Manuel
San Hose
Digdig (7.7Mw, 1990)
Gabaldon

29
Q

The Philippine Fault-South Luzon Segments

A

Infanta
Guinangayan

30
Q

This general area serves as a “shear partitioning” from the collision at Mindoro-Panay area

A

The Philippine Fault – Masbate Segment

31
Q

The Luzon block and East Philippine silver are rotating ______ with respect to the Eurasian plate

A

counter-clockwise

32
Q

The Visayas block rotates ______ with respect to sundaland

A

clockwise

33
Q

Is formed of various, independent, accreted blocks originated from both the Eurasia and the Philippine Sea plates

A

Philippine Mobile Belt

34
Q

what happened on Proterozoic (2500-545 Ma)

A
  • Southeast Asia, East Asia, and Australia started out as parts of Supercontinent Rodinia
  • Supercontinent Rodinia starts to divide 700Ma ago into two:
    Laurentia – present day Northern Hemisphere continents
    Gondwana- present day Southern Hemisphere continents
  • Gondwana specifically was composed of present day Australia, India, Antarctica, South Africa, and South America
  • Evidences of these are indicated by Schist and Gneiss outcrops of Proterozoic age in Thailand and Vietnam
35
Q

what happened on Cambrian- Ordovician-Silurian

A

Faunal fossil (assemblage) distribution in the East and Southeast Asia were once connected to the Indo-Australian portion of the Gondwana defines the warm-climate provinces, started to rift away from Gondwana to somewhere

36
Q

what happened on Devonian

A
  • Australia rotates in a counter-clockwise direction,
  • Northern China, Indochina, Malaya, Western Sumatra (Asiatic Hunic Terranes) rotates a clockwise direction rifting away from Gondwana
  • This Counter-rotation opens the Paleotethys Ocean
  • The isolation of Endemic fish fauna, including Chuiella brachiopod fauna proves the rifting process and isolation of South China
37
Q

what happened on Carboniferous

A
  • Gondwana rotated clockwise (away) and colliding with Laurentia
  • Created Pangaea
  • Australia, Sibumasu, Qiangtang, Lhasa, West Burma were still attached to north-eastern Gondwana and drifted from low to southern latitudes to high southern latitude
  • Glaciation commenced in Gondwana Mid-Carboniferous that lasted through Early Permian. (bcs of
  • Diversity levels of faunal fossils lowered during the Upper Carboniferous. Where fauna and floral fossils during this time shows no affinities to Gondwana
38
Q

what happened on Early Permian

A
  • Australia remained in high southern latitudes
  • Glacial ice continued to reach the marine environment of the North-eastern Gondwanan Margin
  • Cimmerian Superterrane (Qiangtang, Sibumasu, Lhasa, West Burma) separated from northeastern Gondwana and the Mesotethys Ocean by sea floor spreading
  • Paleotethys starts closing
  • Meso then Neotethys starts opening
39
Q

what happened on Late Permian

A
  • The Qiangtang and Sibumasu terranes had separated from Gondwana, and the Meso-Tethys opened up
  • Paleo-Tethys continued to be subducted into Laurasia and Hunic Terranes, Indochina/Vietnam, East Malaysia continued to be separated from Gondwana
  • Indochina, Northern China and Southern China begins to collide to start Indosinian Orogeny.
  • With Indochina begins to collide to North and South China, ending towards Early Triassic
40
Q

what happened on Triassic

A
  • The west Sumatra block was pushed westwards due to the westward subduction of the Izanagi plate towards Paleotethys during the collision of Sibumasu-Indochina-East Malay Collision Process, with translation along a major strike-slip fault
  • at the end of North China-South China collision the ultra high pressure metamorphics were exposed along the: Qinling-Dabie Suture zone
  • Ailoashan-Nan-Uttaradit back arc basin was closed when Simao Terrane collided with South China-East Malaya-Indochina-West Sumatra
  • Simao Terranes coalesced to form the proto-east southeast asia
41
Q

what happened on Jurassic

A
  • Australia remained low to moderate southern latitudes
  • Tibet, West Burma, Sikuleh, Mangkalihat, and Western Sulawesi terranes starts to move northwards (from northwestern Australia
42
Q

what happened on Cretaceous

A
  • The Lhasa block collided and amalgamated with Eurasia in latest Jurassic-earliest Cretaceous times
  • Gondwana broke up and India started to drift to north with the cenotethys ocean subducting towards Eurasia at the end of the Cretaceous (Neotethys starts to close)
  • West Burma and Sikuleh terranes were also accreted to Eurasia
  • Australia began to separate from Antarctica moving northwards
43
Q

what happened on Cenozoic

A
  • many development present day are forming
  • Cenozoic Southeast Asia involved substantial movements along and rotations of strike-slip faults (even polarity reversals  left lateral reverse?
  • Rotations of continental blocks, oceanic plates, the development and spreading of marginal seas and the formation of the important hydrocarbon-bearing sedimentary deposits
44
Q

The current major plates colliding are the _________

A

Northward moving Indo-Australian Plate
The Eurasian Plate
The westward moving Philippine Sea Plate.

DAY 1 - CORRELATION FINALS (3 decks)

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