GOOD DECK

Question 1

is the process of water entry into a soil from rainfall, or irrigation.

Answer 1

INFILTRATION

Question 2

Another word for soil water movement

Answer 2

PERCOLATION

Question 3

is the process of water flow from one point to another point within the soil.

Answer 3

SOIL WATER MOVEMENT OR PERCOLATION

Question 4

is the rate at which the water actually infiltrates through the soil during a storm and it must be equal the infiltration capacities or the rainfall rate, which ever is lesser.

Answer 4

INFILTRATION RATE

Question 5

the maximum rate at which a soil in any given condition is capable of absorbing water

Answer 5

INFILTRATION CAPACITY

Question 6

is primarily controlled by the rate of soil water movement below the surface and the soil water movement continues after an infiltration event, as the infiltrated water is redistributed.

Answer 6

THE RATE OF INFILTRATION

Question 7

play a key role in surface runoff, groundwater recharge, evapotranspiration, soil erosion, and transport of chemicals in surface and subsurface waters.

Answer 7

INFILTRATION AND PERCOLATION

Question 8

Infiltration rate is dependent on a few conditions namely,

Answer 8

Land surface

Land vegetation cover

Surface soil characteristics

Storm characteristics

Surface soil and water temperature,

Chemical properties of the water and soil

Question 9

Soil properties affecting soil water movement…

Answer 9

Hydraulic conductivity

Water-retention characteristics

Question 10

a measure of the soil’s ability to transmit water

Answer 10

Hydraulic conductivity

Question 11

the ability of the soil to store and release water

Answer 11

Water-retention characteristics

Question 12

is accomplished by analysis of rainfall-runoff data from a watershed.

Answer 12

Areal infiltration estimation

Question 13

obtained by subtracting runoff volume from rainfall volume.

Answer 13

Infiltration volume

Question 14

obtained by dividing infiltration volume by rainfall duration.

Answer 14

Average infiltration rate

Question 15

what is integrated to calculate the total rainfall volume

Answer 15

Rainfall hyetograph

Question 16

what is integrated to calculate runoff volume

Answer 16

Runoff hydrograph

Question 17

2 measurements of infiltration

Answer 17

Areal measurement

Point Measurement

Question 18

are normally made by applying water at a specific site to a finite area and measuring the intake of the soil

Answer 18

Point infiltration measurements

Question 19

four types of infiltrometers

Answer 19

Ponded-water ring of cylinder type

Sprinkler type

Tension type

Furrow type

Question 20

infiltrometers should be used to determine infiltration rates for inundated soils such as flood irrigation or pond seepage

Answer 20

Ring

Question 21

infiltrometers should be used where the effect of rainfall on surface conditions influences the infiltration rate

Answer 21

Sprinkler

Question 22

used to determine the infiltration rates of soil matrix in the presence of macropores.

Answer 22

Tension infiltrometers

Question 23

are used when the effect of flowing water is important, as in furrow irrigation.

Answer 23

Furrow infiltrometers

Question 24

are usually metal rings with a diameter of 30 to 100 cm and a height of 20 cm.

Answer 24

Ring infiltrometers

Question 25

With the help of rain simulator, water is sprinkled at a uniform rate in excess of the infiltration capacity, over a certain experimental area.

Answer 25

Sprinkler infiltrometer

Question 26

formula for infiltration f using sprinkler infiltrometers

Answer 26

f=(P-R)/t

P- Rain sprinkled
R- Runoff collected
t- duration of rainfall

Question 27

Horton’s equation for INFILTRATION CAPACITY

Answer 27

fp=fc+(f0-fc)e^(-kt)

Question 28

Horton’s equation for cumulative infiltration F(t)

Answer 28

F(t)= fct + ((fo-fc)(1-e^(-kt)))/k

Question 29

Philip’s equation for cumulative infiltration F(t)

Answer 29

F(t)= St^(0.5)+Kt

Question 30

Philip’s equation for infiltration rate f(t)

Answer 30

f(t)=0.5St^(-0.5)+K

Question 31

the elapsed time between the time rainfall begins and the time water begins to pond on the soil surface.

Answer 31

Ponding time

Question 32

is a conceptual model of infiltration of precipitation in an unsaturated flow

Answer 32

The Green and Ampt infiltration model

Question 33

was originally derived using a simplification of the comprehensive Richard’s equation (1931) for unsteady water flow in soil and in Darcy’s Law.

Answer 33

. The Green and Ampt loss method

Question 34

Five Principal Assumptions of the Green-Ampt Method

Answer 34

The soil under consideration is homogeneous and stable, implying that macropores and preferential migration pathways should not be considered.

The supply of ponded water at the surface is not limited.

A distinct and precise definable wetting front exists and as water cotinues to infiltrate, the wetting front advances at the same rate with depth.

The capillary suction just below wetting point is uniform throughout the profile and constant in time during the infiltartion event.

The soil is uniformly saturated above the wetting front, and the volumetric water contents remain constant above and below the advancing wetting front.