Goniometry Practical Flashcards
Determine the (a) Normal range, (b) Test position, (c) Goniometer alignment, (d) Normal end feel for the following:
Cervical flexion
(a) Normal Range: 60° (AMA)
(b) Test Position: Client sitting with back support. Stabilize lumbar and thoracic spines.
(c) Goniometer Alignment:
A) Axis: external auditory meatus.
S) Stationary arm: vertical.
M) Moving arm: aligned with nostrils.
(d) Normal End Feel
Capsular or ligamentous
Determine the (a) Normal range, (b) Test position, (c) Goniometer alignment, (d) Normal end feel for the following:
Cervical extension
(a) Normal Range: 75° (AMA)
(b) Test Position: Client sitting with back support. Stabilize lumbar and thoracic spines. Mouth relaxed and slightly open.
(c) Goniometer Alignment:
A) Axis: external auditory meatus.
S) Stationary arm: vertical.
M) Moving arm: aligned with nostrils.
(d) Normal End Feel
Bony or Capsular
Determine the (a) Normal range, (b) Test position, (c) Goniometer alignment, (d) Normal end feel for the following:
Cervical lateral flexion
(a) Normal Range: 45° (AMA)
(b) Test Position: Client sitting with back support. Stabilize lumbar and thoracic spines.
(c) Goniometer Alignment:
A) Axis: Spinous process of C7
S) Stationary arm: spinous processes of thoracic spine
M) Moving arm: posterior midline of head at occipital protuberance
(d) Normal End Feel
Capsular or ligamentous
Determine the (a) Normal range, (b) Test position, (c) Goniometer alignment, (d) Normal end feel for the following:
Cervical rotation
(a) Normal Range: 80° (AMA)
(b) Test Position: Client sitting with back support. Stabilize lumbar and thoracic spines.
(c) Goniometer Alignment:
A) Axis: center of superior aspect of head.
S) Stationary arm: aligned with acromion processes
M) Moving arm: aligned with tip of nose.
(d) Normal End Feel
Capsular or ligamentous
Determine the (a) Normal range, (b) Test position, (c) Goniometer alignment, (d) Normal end feel for the following:
Trunk rotation
(a) Normal Range: 45° (AMA)
(b) Test Position: Client is sitting with pelvis
stabilized. No accessory motions: Side bending, forward bending or backward bending.
(c) Goniometer Alignment:
A) Axis: center of superior aspect of head.
S) Stationary arm: aligned with ASISs.
M) Moving arm: aligned with acromion processes.
(d) Normal End Feel
Capsular or ligamentous
Determine the (a) Normal range, (b) Test position, (c) Goniometer alignment, (d) Normal end feel for the following:
Shoulder flexion
(a)Normal Range: 180° (AMA)
(b) Test position: Client is supine with shoulder at 0°. Extend elbow and place forearm at 0° of supination/ pronation, so that the palm faces the body.
(c) Goniometer Alignment:
A) Axis: lateral aspect of the greater tubercle
S) Stationary arm: mid axillary line of the thorax
M) Moving arm: Lateral midline of humerus
(d) Normal End Feel
Firm
Determine the (a) Normal range, (b) Test position, (c) Goniometer alignment, (d) Normal end feel for the following:
Shoulder extension
(a) Normal Range: 50° (AMA)
(b) Test position: Client is prone with shoulder at 0°. Slightly bend the elbow and place forearm at 0° of supination/ pronation, so that the palm faces the body.
(c) Goniometer Alignment:
A) Axis: lateral aspect of the greater tubercle
S) Stationary arm: mid axillary line of the thorax
M) Moving arm: Lateral midline of humerus
(d) Normal End Feel
Firm
Determine the (a) Normal range, (b) Test position, (c) Goniometer alignment, (d) Normal end feel for the following:
Shoulder abduction
(a) Normal Range: 180° (AMA)
(b) Test position: Client is supine with shoulder in lateral rotation. Shoulder is at 0° of flexion and extension with elbow extended. Palm faces up
(c) Goniometer Alignment:
A) Axis: acromial process
S) Stationary arm: midline anterior of the sternum
M) Moving arm: anterior midline of humerus
(d) Normal End Feel
Firm
Determine the (a) Normal range, (b) Test position, (c) Goniometer alignment, (d) Normal end feel for the following:
Shoulder internal rotation
(a) Normal Range: 90° (AMA)
(b) Test position: Client is supine with shoulder abducted at 90°. The forearm starts at neutral position with elbow flexed 90°. Have elbow come slightly off the table.
(c) Goniometer Alignment:
A) Axis: olecranon process of ulna
S) Stationary arm: vertically alignment
M) Moving arm: aligned with ulna (styloid process)
(d) Normal End Feel:
Capsular
Determine the (a) Normal range, (b) Test position, (c) Goniometer alignment, (d) Normal end feel for the following:
Shoulder external rotation
(a) Normal Range: 90° (AMA)
(b) Test position: Client is supine with shoulder abducted at 90°. The forearm starts at neutral position with elbow flexed 90°. Have elbow come slightly off the table.
(c) Goniometer Alignment:
A) Axis: olecranon process of ulna
S) Stationary arm: vertically alignment
M) Moving arm: aligned with ulna (styloid process)
(d) Normal End Feel:
Capsular
Determine the (a) Normal range, (b) Test position, (c) Goniometer alignment, (d) Normal end feel for the following:
Elbow flexion
(a) Normal Range: 140° (AMA)
(b) Test position: Client is Supine with Shoulder neutral
(arm at side). Forearm is supinated and
elbow flexed.
(c) Goniometer Alignment:
A) Axis: Lateral epicondyle of humeras
S) Stationary arm: aligned with humerus (center of acromion
process).
M) Moving arm: aligned with radius (styloid process)
(d) Normal End Feel:
Soft tissue approximation
Determine the (a) Normal range, (b) Test position, (c) Goniometer alignment, (d) Normal end feel for the following:
Elbow extension
(a) Normal Range: 0° (AMA)
(b) Test position: Client is Supine with Shoulder neutral
(arm at side). Forearm is supinated and elbow extended. Towel is placed underneath the upperarm.
(c) Goniometer Alignment:
A) Axis: Lateral epicondyle of humeras
S) Stationary arm: aligned with humerus (center of acromion
process).
M) Moving arm: aligned with radius (styloid process)
(d) Normal End Feel:
Bone on bone
Determine the (a) Normal range, (b) Test position, (c) Goniometer alignment, (d) Normal end feel for the following:
Supination
(a) Normal Range: 80° (AMA)
(b)Test Position: Client is sitting with shoulder neutral (arm at side) and elbow flexed at 90°. Forearm is supinated.
(c) Goniometer Alignment
A) Axis: medial to ulnar styloid.
S) Stationary arm: parallel to humerus.
M) Moving arm: aligned with ventral aspect of radius.
(d) Normal End Feel:
Capsular
Determine the (a) Normal range, (b) Test position, (c) Goniometer alignment, (d) Normal end feel for the following:
Pronation
(a) Normal Range: 80° (AMA)
(b) Test Position: Client is sitting with shoulder neutral (arm at side) and Elbow flexed at 90°. Forearm is pronated.
(c) Goniometer Alignment:
A) Axis: lateral to ulnar styloid.
S) Stationary arm: parallel to humerus.
M) Moving arm: aligned with dorsum of radius.
(d)Normal End Feel:
Capsular
Determine the (a) Normal range, (b) Test position, (c) Goniometer alignment, (d) Normal end feel for the following:
Wrist flexion
(a) Normal Range: 60°(AMA)
(b)Test Position: Client is sitting with Forearm pronated and stabilized on table. Client flexes wrist with fingers
relaxed.
(c) Goniometer Alignment
A) Axis: lateral wrist (triquetrum).
S) Stationary arm: aligned with ulna.
M) Moving arm: aligned with fifth metacarpal.
(d) Normal End Feel:
Capsular
Determine the (a) Normal range, (b) Test position, (c) Goniometer alignment, (d) Normal end feel for the following:
Wrist extension
(a) Normal Range: 60°(AMA)
(b) Test Position: Client is sitting with forearm pronated and stabilized on table. Client extends wrist with fingers relaxed.
(c) Goniometer Alignment:
A) Axis: lateral wrist (triquetrum).
S) Stationary arm: aligned with
ulna.
M) Moving arm: aligned with fifth
metacarpal.
(d) Normal End Feel:
Capsular
Determine the (a) Normal range, (b) Test position, (c) Goniometer alignment, (d) Normal end feel for the following:
Hip flexion
(a) Normal Range: 100.0° (AMA)
(b) Test Position: Client is in supine position. Allow knee to flex. Stabilize pelvis to prevent rotation. Subject flexes hip.
(c) Goniometer Alignment
A) Axis: greater trochanter.
S) Stationary arm: aligned with midline of pelvis.
M) Moving arm: aligned with femur (lateral epicondyle).
(d) Normal End Feel:
Capsular
Determine the (a) Normal range, (b) Test position, (c) Goniometer alignment, (d) Normal end feel for the following:
Hip extension
(a) Normal Range: 30.0° (AMA)
(b) Test Position: Client is in prone position with stabilized pelvis to prevent rotation. Subject extends hip.
(c) Goniometer Alignment:
A) Axis: greater trochanter.
S) Stationary arm: aligned with midline of pelvis.
M) Moving arm: aligned with femur (lateral epicondyle).
(d) Normal End Feel:
Capsular or ligamentous
Determine the (a) Normal range, (b) Test position, (c) Goniometer alignment, (d) Normal end feel for the following:
Hip adduction
(a) Normal Range: 20.0° (AMA)
(b) Test Position: Client is in supine position. Stabilize pelvis and adduct opposite hip.
(c) Goniometer Alignment:
A) Axis: anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS).
S) Stationary arm: aligned with opposite ASIS.
M) Moving arm: aligned with femur (center of patella).
(d) Normal End Feel:
Capsular or ligamentous
Determine the (a) Normal range, (b) Test position, (c) Goniometer alignment, (d) Normal end feel for the following:
Hip abduction
(a) Normal Range: 40.0° (AMA)
(b) Test Position: Client is in supine position. Stabilize pelvis and abduct opposite hip.
(c) Goniometer Alignment:
A) Axis: anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS).
S) Stationary arm: aligned with opposite ASIS.
M) Moving arm: aligned with femur (center of patella).
(d) Normal End Feel: Capsular or ligamentous
Determine the (a) Normal range, (b) Test position, (c) Goniometer alignment, (d) Normal end feel for the following:
Hip internal rotation
(a) Normal Range: 40.0° (AMA)
(b) Test Position: Client is sitting on table with knee flexed. Stabilize distal thigh.
(c) Goniometer Alignment:
A) Axis: center of patella.
S) Stationary arm: aligned vertically.
M) Moving arm: aligned with leg (crest of tibia).
(d) Normal End Feel:
Capsular
Determine the (a) Normal range, (b) Test position, (c) Goniometer alignment, (d) Normal end feel for the following:
Hip external rotation
(a) Normal Range: 50.0° (AMA)
(b) Test Position: Client is sitting on table with knee flexed. Stabilize distal thigh.
(c) Goniometer Alignment:
A) Axis: center of patella.
S) Stationary arm: aligned vertically.
M) Moving arm: aligned with leg (crest of tibia).
(d) Normal End Feel:
Capsular
Determine the (a) Normal range, (b) Test position, (c) Goniometer alignment, (d) Normal end feel for the following:
Knee flexion
(a) Normal Range: 150° (AMA)
(b) Test Position: Client is in supine position. Allow hip and knee to flex.
(c) Goniometer Alignment:
A) Axis: lateral epicondyle of femur.
S) Stationary arm: aligned with greater trochanter.
M) Moving arm: aligned with lateral malleolus.
(d) Normal End Feel:
Soft tissue approximation
Determine the (a) Normal range, (b) Test position, (c) Goniometer alignment, (d) Normal end feel for the following:
Knee extension
(a) Normal Range: 0° (AMA)
(b) Test Position: Client is in prone position (Supine for modified). Stabilize femur (place a towel underneath) and allow the knee to fully extend.
(c) Goniometer Alignment:
A) Axis: lateral epicondyle of femur.
S) Stationary arm: aligned with greater trochanter.
M) Moving arm: aligned with lateral malleolus.
(d) Normal End Feel:
Capsular
Determine the (a) Normal range, (b) Test position, (c) Goniometer alignment, (d) Normal end feel for the following:
Ankle dorsiflexion
(a) Normal Range: 20° (AMA)
(b) Test Position: Client will be lying in supine position with knee extended. Ankle is in neutral position with leg stabilized. Stabilize sub-talar and keep in neutral. Ankle goes into dorsiflexion.
(c) Goniometer Alignment:
A) Axis: lateral malleolus
S) Stationary arm: aligned with fibular head
M) Moving arm: aligned with fifth metatarsal
(d) Normal End Feel:
Capsular
Determine the (a) Normal range, (b) Test position, (c) Goniometer alignment, (d) Normal end feel for the following:
Ankle plantarflexion
(a) Normal Range: 40° (AMA)
(b) Test Position: Client will be lying in supine position with knee extended. Ankle is in neutral position slightly off the table with leg stabilized. Ankle goes into plantar flexion
(c) Goniometer Alignment:
A) Axis: lateral malleolus
S) Stationary arm: aligned with fibular head
M) Moving arm: aligned with fifth metatarsal
(d) Normal End Feel:
Capsular
Determine the (a) Normal range, (b) Test position, (c) Goniometer alignment, (d) Normal end feel for the following:
Ankle inversion
(a) Normal Range: 20° (AMA) (or 30°)
(b) Test Position: Client is in prone position (seated for modified). Stabilize tibia in sagittal plane.
(c) Goniometer Alignment:
A) Axis: midpoint between malleoli.
S) Stationary arm: aligned with midline of leg.
M) Moving arm: aligned with midline of calcaneus.
(d) Normal End Feel:
Capsular
Determine the (a) Normal range, (b) Test position, (c) Goniometer alignment, (d) Normal end feel for the following:
Ankle eversion
(a) Normal Range: 10° OR 20° (AMA)
(b) Test Position: Client is in prone position (seated for modified). Stabilize tibia in sagittal plane.
(c) Goniometer Alignment:
A) Axis: mid-point between malleoli.
S) Stationary arm: aligned with midline of leg.
M) Moving arm: aligned withmidline of calcaneus.
(d) Normal End Feel:
Capsular
