Goniometry of Spine

Question 1

Cervical Flexion

Answer 1

ROM = 80-90

End feel = firm

Fulcrum = external auditory meatus
Stationary arm = parallel to ground
Movement arm = base of nares

Testing position = sitting

Question 2

Cervical Extension

Answer 2

ROM = 70

End feel = firm

Fulcrum = external auditory meatus
Stationary arm = perpendicular to ground
Movement arm = base of nares

Testing position = sitting

Question 3

Cervical Lateral Flexion

Answer 3

ROM = 20-45

End feel = firm

Fulcrum = spinous process of C7
Stationary arm = spinous process of thoracic spine/perpendicular to ground
Movement arm = dorsal midline of head, occipital protuberance

Testing position = seated

Question 4

Cervical Rotation

Answer 4

ROM = 70-90

End feel = firm

Fulcrum = center of cranial aspect of the head
Stationary arm = parallel to imaginary line between acromion processes
Moving arm = tip of the nose

Testing position = sitting

Question 5

Thoracolumbar Lateral Flexion

Answer 5

ROM = 35-60

End feel = firm

Fulcrum = spinous process of S2
Stationary arm = perpendicular to ground
Movement arm = spinous process of T1

Testing position = standing

Question 6

Thoracolumbar Rotation

Answer 6

ROM = 38-68

End feel = firm

Fulcrum = center of cranial aspect of head
Stationary arm = parallel to imaginary line between ASIS’s
Movement arm = parallel to imaginary line between acromion processes

Testing position = seated