Gonads to Gametes

Question 1

What type of offspring does asexual reproduction result in?

Answer 1

Genetically identical

Question 2

Give an example of asexual reproduction

Answer 2

mitosis at interphase

Question 3

What is Parthenogenesis

Answer 3

Parthenogenesis is a natural or artificial process in which an embryo develops from an unfertilized egg, without the need for fertilization

Question 4

Name 2 species that do parthenogenesis

Answer 4

Bees and lizards

Question 5

What is the result of sexual reproduction?

Answer 5

genetically varied offspring

Question 6

What process causes genetic variation seen in sexual reproduction

Answer 6

meiosis

Question 7

How are haploid cells made?

Answer 7

-Crossing over
-2 sequential divisions

Question 8

How many haploid cells are needed to make a diploid cell?

Answer 8

2

Question 9

What does natural selection depend on?

Answer 9

-Sperm and egg coming together
-Mate selection (culture)

Question 10

Describe the High energy investment in gametes as a fertilisation strategy

Answer 10

-Aquatic species
-spawn, make gametes
-maximise the likelihood of their offspring surviving
-Higher parental investment further down the line

Question 11

How many eggs do human females ovulate?

Answer 11

1

Question 12

Describe the low energy investment strategy in gamete production

Answer 12

-mammals
- 1 egg ovulated
-fertilised internally which is safer than externally, however fewer eggs are produced
-Higher parental burden down the line

Question 13

How many oocytes are produced whilst the ovary is developing in the embryonic period, and what is the number at birth?

Answer 13

-7 million during the embryonic period
- 0.5 million at birth

Question 14

Why does the number of oocytes decrease so suddenly from the embryonic period to birth?

Answer 14

Thought to be an evolutionary process from a species prior to humans that used to spawn.

Question 15

What is an oviparous animal?

Answer 15

An animal that produces young by laying eggs which are hatched after being laid by a parent, like a bird

Question 16

What type of fertilisation do oviparous animals do?

Answer 16

Internal

Question 17

Give an example of an oviparous animal

Answer 17

Chicken

Question 18

What is the consequence of oviparous fertilisation?

Answer 18

-larger eggs to support development
-the babies develop quicker due to there being lots of nutrition available

Question 19

How often do chickens ovulate?

Answer 19

-every day, regardless of fertilisation

Question 20

What types of animals are viviparous?

Answer 20

-mammals and humans

Question 21

How large are the eggs of viviparous animals? What are the consequences of this?

Answer 21

-Small
-most nourishment is from the mother
slower development
-the mother requires an adaptive reproductive tract to cope with the fertilisation, the gestation and the birth

Question 22

What does it mean if an animal is altricial?

Answer 22

They’re helpless from birth

Question 23

What does it mean if an animal is precocial?

Answer 23

the animal is active and able to move freely from hatching

Question 24

What 6 factors must be considered in reproduction?

Answer 24

Gamete selection, mate selection, coordination, selective pressure, successful birth and parental care

Question 25

When does the reproductive lifecycle begin?

Answer 25

puberty

Question 26

How does a male’s reproductive capacity change with age?

Answer 26

slow decline with age

Question 27

When does a female’s reproductive capacity end?

Answer 27

menopause

Question 28

Roughly what is the fertility rate in the age group 20-24?

Answer 28

86%

Question 29

When does female fertility decline massively?

Answer 29

in the 40’s

Question 30

What is the probability of pregnancy at 50?

Answer 30

1%