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ABBEY MSII Unit 1 > Goljy Musculoskeletal and Soft Tissue. > Flashcards

Goljy Musculoskeletal and Soft Tissue. Flashcards

1
Q

Monosodium urate crystals (MSU)

A

yellow when parallel to slow ray of compensator

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2
Q

Calcium pyrophosphate crystals (pseudogout)

A

blue when parallel to slow ray of compensator

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3
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

degeneration articular cartilage; subchondral cysts; eburnation; osteophytes at margins

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4
Q

OA Joints

A

weight bearing (femoral head); DIP joint (Heberden’s nodes), PIP joints (Bouchard nodes)

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5
Q

Neuropathic joint

A

2° to neurologic disease; Any condition resulting in decreased peripheral sensation, proprioception, and fine motor control: DM, syringomyelia, tabes dorsalis

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6
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

A

female dominant; HLA Dr4

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7
Q

RF

A

IgM antibody against Fc portion IgG; causes inflammation of synovial tissue

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8
Q

Pannus

A

inflamed hyperplastic synovial tissue destroys articular cartilage; joint fusion

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9
Q

RA Joints

A

MCP and PIP joints

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10
Q

S/S RA

A

morning stiffness; ulnar deviation of hands; carpal tunnel (entrapped median nerve)

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11
Q

Rx RA

A

methotrexate often used as initial therapy, aspirin

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12
Q

Sjogren’s syndrome

A

destruction lacrimal and minor salivary glands; RA; anti-SS-Ro/SS-La (SSa and SSb)

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13
Q

S/S Sjogren’s syndrome

A

dry eyes and dry mouth

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14
Q

Caplan syndrome

A

pneumoconiosis + rheumatoid nodules in lungs

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15
Q

Felty’s syndrome

A

RA + splenomegaly with hypersplenism

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16
Q

Gouty arthritis

A

underexcretion of uric acid; big toe first affected; tophus in soft tissue sign chronic gout

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17
Q

Gout associations

A

alcohol, Pb poisoning

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18
Q

Tophus

A

MSU crystals produce foreign body giant cell reaction next to joint

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19
Q

Uricosuric agents

A

probenecid and sulfinpyrazone

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20
Q

Allopurinol

A

↓ synthesis uric acid; xanthine oxidase inhibitor

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21
Q

Pseudogout

A

involves knee; linear calcification in articular cartilage

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22
Q

Ankylosing spondylitis

A

HLA-B27 seronegative (RF negative) spondyloarthropathy; male dominant

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23
Q

S/S ankylosing spondylitis

A

sacroiliitis; bamboo spine causing kyphosis; aortitis; uveitis

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24
Q

Associations aknylosing spondylitis

A

C. trachomatis MC, psoriasis, ulcerative colitis, Shigella, Campylobacter, Yersinia

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25
Q

Reiter’s syndrome

A

HLA-B27; Chlamydia urethritis; arthritis; conjunctivitis; Achilles tendon periostitis

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26
Q

Osteomyelitis children

A

hematogenous spread of Staphylococcus aureus to metaphysis

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27
Q

Osteomyelitis in HbSS

A

Salmonella paratyphi

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28
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa osteomyelitis

A

puncture of foot when wearing rubber foot wear

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29
Q

Tuberculous osteomyelitis

A

usually involves vertebra (Pott’s disease)

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30
Q

Disseminated gonococcemia

A

female dominant; C6-C9 deficiency

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31
Q

Disseminated gonococcemia

A

septic arthritis (knee); tendinitis/synovitis and skin pustules in feet/wrists

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32
Q

Lyme disease

A

bite Ixodes tick; Borrelia burgdorjeri; reservoirs white footed mouse, white tailed deer

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33
Q

Early S/S Lyme disease

A

erythematous concentric rash (erythema chronicum migrans), Rx doxycycline

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34
Q

Late S/S Lyme disease

A

arthritis, Bell’s palsy (often bilateral), myocarditis, Rx doxycycline

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35
Q

Babesiosis

A

carried by Ixodes tick; Babesia are intraerythrocytic parasites; hemolytic anemia

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36
Q

Cat bite

A

potential for Pasteurella multocida septic arthritis

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37
Q

Osgood Schlatter’s

A

inflammation proximal tibial apophysis at patellar tendon insertion; knobby knee

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38
Q

Osteogenesis imperfecta

A

AD; ↓ synthesis type I collagen; pathologic fractures; blue sclera

39
Q

Blue sclera

A

reflection choroidal veins

40
Q

Achondroplasia

A

AD; impaired enchondral calcification and premature closure of epiphyses

41
Q

S/S achondroplasia

A

normal head/vertebral column, short extremities

42
Q

Osteopetrosis

A

AD/AR; osteoclast defect; too much bone; pathologic fractures

43
Q

Osteoporosis

A

↓ bone mass and density; pathologic fractures

44
Q

Postmenopausal osteoporosis

A

estrogen deficiency - ↑ osteoclastic activity, ↓ osteoblastic activity

45
Q

S/S postmenopausal osteoporosis

A

vertebral compression fractures, Colles fracture

46
Q

Colles fracture

A

fractured distal radius with dinner fork appearance

47
Q

Prevention of osteoporosis

A

estrogen (under investigation), calcium, vitamin D, stress exercises (walking, weight lifting)

48
Q

Aseptic necrosis femoral head

A

femoral head fracture, corticosteroids, sickle cell disease; MRI best test

49
Q

Scaphoid bone fracture

A

aseptic necrosis in wrist bone

50
Q

Volkmann’s ischemic contracture

A

fracture of distal radius; damage to brachial artery and median nerve

51
Q

Legg-Perthe’s disease

A

aseptic necrosis of ossification center (femoral head) in children

52
Q

Paget’s disease

A

elderly males; lytic/blastic bone lesions produce thick, weak bone

53
Q

S/S Paget’s disease

A

pathologic fractures; ↑ serum AP; ↑ risk for osteogenic sarcoma

54
Q

Osteoid osteoma

A

radiolucent lesion in cortex proximal femur; nocturnal pain relieved by aspirin

55
Q

Osteogenic sarcoma

A

adolescent male; RB suppressor gene association; distal femur; ↑ AP

56
Q

Radiograph osteogenic sarcoma

A

“sunburst” appearance, Codman’s triangle

57
Q

Ewing’s sarcoma

A

primitive neuroectodermal tumor; round cell tumor

58
Q

Radiograph ewing sarcoma

A

“onion skinning”

59
Q

Osteochondroma

A

MC benign bone tumor; exophytic growth off metaphysis of distal femur

60
Q

Chondrosarcoma

A

MC malignant cartilaginous tumor; pelvic bones, proximal femur

61
Q

Giant cell tumor

A

epiphysis distal femur/proximal tibia; giant cells + neoplastic mononuclear cells

62
Q

Muscle weakness

A

primary muscle disease, neurosynapse disease, neurogenic disease

63
Q

Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy

A

XR; deficiency dystrophin; ↑ serum CK at birth; waddling gait

64
Q

Dystrophin

A

attaches portions of cell membrane to sarcomere; important in contraction

65
Q

Becker’s dystrophy

A

XR, defective dystrophin

66
Q

Myotonic dystrophy

A

AD; trinucleotide repeat disorder; cannot release grip

67
Q

Myasthenia gravis

A

autoantibody against acetylcholine receptors (type II); thymic hyperplasia B cells

68
Q

S/S myasthenia gravis

A

diplopia at end of day first sign; dysphagia solids/liquids upper esophagus; thymoma

69
Q

Dupuytren’s contracture

A

fibromatosis palmar fascia

70
Q

Lipoma

A

MC soft tissue tumor

71
Q

Liposarcoma

A

MC adult sarcoma

72
Q

Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma

A

MC childhood sarcoma

73
Q

Autoimmune disease

A

loss of self-tolerance

74
Q

Serum ANA

A

greatest sensitivity for detecting SLE

75
Q

SLE

A

type III reaction; confirm with anti-dsDNA, anti-Sm

76
Q

S/S SLE

A

malar rash, photophobia, joint pain, fibrinous pericarditis, nephritic GN

77
Q

Drug-induced lupus

A

procainamide, hydralazine; anti-histone antibodies

78
Q

Antiphospholipid antibodies

A

lupus anticoagulant, anti-cardiolipin antibodies; vessel thrombosis

79
Q

PSS

A

excess collagen; anti-topoisomerase antibodies

80
Q

S/S PSS

A

dysphagia solids/liquids, Raynaud’s, interstitial lung disease, renal failure

81
Q

CREST

A

centromere antibody/calcinosis; Raynaud; esophageal dysmotility; sclerodactyly; telangiectasia

82
Q

Dermatomyositis/polymyositis

A

↑ serum CK; risk of malignancy

83
Q

Mixed connective tissue disease

A

anti-ribonucleoprotein antibody

84
Q

Antibody against acetylcholine receptor

A

myasthenia gravis

85
Q

Antibody against basement membrane

A

Goodpasture’s syndrome

86
Q

Antibody against endomysium and gliadin

A

celiac disease

87
Q

Antibody against insulin and islet cell

A

type I diabetes

88
Q

Antibody against intrinsic factor and parietal cell

A

pernicious anemia

89
Q

Antibody against microsome and thyroglobulin

A

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

90
Q

Antibody against mitochondria

A

primary biliary cirrhosis

91
Q

Antibody against proteinase 3 of neutrophil (cANCA)

A

Wegener’s granulomatosis

92
Q

Antibody against myeloperoxidase of neutrophils (pANCA)

A

microscopic polyangiitis

93
Q

Antibody against TSH receptor

A

Graves disease

ABBEY MSII Unit 1 (4 decks)

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