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ZGeneral Path > Goljan High Yield Inflammation and Repair EC > Flashcards

Goljan High Yield Inflammation and Repair EC Flashcards

1
Q

Histamine

A

key chemical in acute inflammation: mast cell
Arteriole vasodilation
Increased venular permeability

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2
Q

Rubor acute inflammation

A 
Redness
Arteriole vasodilation (histamine)
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3
Q

Calor acute inflammation

A 
Heat
Arteriole vasodilation (histamine)q
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4
Q

Tumor acute inflammation

A

Swelling

Increased vessel permeability (histamine)

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5
Q

Dolor acute inflammation

A

Pain

bradykinin and PGE

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6
Q

Acute inflammation

A

Neutrophil dominant

Increased IgM

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7
Q

Initial vessel events in inflammation

A

Neutrophil dominant

Increased IgM

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8
Q

Neutrophil rolling acute inflammation

A

Due to selectins

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9
Q

Integrins

A

Neutrophil adhesion molecules
C5a and LTB4
Activate neutrophil margination

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10
Q

CD11/CD18

A

Markers for integrins

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11
Q

Endothelial cell adhesion molecules

A

activated by IL-1 and TNF

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12
Q

ICAM

A

Intercellular adhesion molecule

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13
Q

VCAM

A

vascular cell adhesion molecule

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14
Q

Leukocyte adhesion molecule defect

A

failure of umbilical cord to separate

Poor wound healing

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15
Q

Decreased neutrophil adhesion molecules

A

Neutrophilic leukocytosis

Due to corticosteroids and catecholamines

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16
Q

Increased neutrophil adhesion molecules

A

Neutropenia

Endotoxins

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17
Q

Chemotaxis

A

Directed movement

C5a and LTB4

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18
Q

Opsonizing agents

A

IgG
C3b
Enhance phagocytosis

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19
Q

Receptors for IgG, C3b

A

PMNs
Monocytes
Macrophages

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20
Q

Most potent microbicidal system

A

O2 dependent MPO system

in PMNs and monocytes but NOT macrophages

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21
Q

Production of superoxide from O2

A

NADPH oxidase with PADPH cofactor

Produces respiratory burst

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22
Q

Test for respiratory burst

A

Nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT)

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23
Q

Converts superoxide to peroxide

A

Superoxide dismutase

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24
Q

Lysosomal enzyme that combines peroxide + Cl to form bleach (HOCl)

A

Myeloperoxidase

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25
Q

Microbicidal defects

A 
Chronic granulomatous disease of childhood (XR)
Myeloperoxidase deficiency (AR)
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26
Q

Absent NADPH oxidase, no respiratory burst

A

Chronic granulomatous disease

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27
Q

Catalase + organisms (ie S aureus) not killed, but strep killed

A

Chronic granulomatous disease

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28
Q

Respiratory burst present

No bleach produced

A

Myeloperoxidase deficiency (AR)

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29
Q

Opsonization defect

A

Bruton’s agammaglobulinemia (XR)

Decreased IgG

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30
Q

Phagocytosis defect

A

Chediak-Higashi

Also has defect in microtubule polymerization

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31
Q

COX inhibitors

A

NSAIDS (non-selective)

COX-2 inhibitors

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32
Q

Vasodilation, fever

A

PGE2

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33
Q

Vasodilator, prevent platelet aggregation

A

PGI2

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34
Q

Vasodilator, FR gas from conversion of Arginine to Citrulline

A

NO

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35
Q

Fever, synthesis of acute phase reactants in liver, leukocytosis

A

IL-1 and TNF

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36
Q

Stimulated by IL-1

Stimulates synthesis of acute phase reactants

37
Q

Fibrinogen, Ferritin, C-reactive protein

A

Acute phase reactants

38
Q

Kinin produced in conversion of factor XII to factor XI

A

Bradykinin

39
Q

Pain, vasodilator, increased vessel permeability, cough/angioedema with ACE inhibitors

A

Bradykinin

40
Q

C3a and C5a

A

Anaphylatoxins

Directly stimulate mast cells release of histamine

41
Q

Synthesized by endothelial cells
Vasodilator
Inhibits platelet aggregation

42
Q

Hydroxylation of arachidonic acid

A

Lipoxygenase

43
Q

Inhibits lipoxygenase

44
Q

Block lipoxygenase receptor

A

Zafirlukast

Montelukast

45
Q

Bronchoconstrictors

A

LTC4
LTD4
LTE4

46
Q

Synthesized by platelets

Platelet aggregation, vasoconstriction, bronchoconstriction

47
Q

Inhibits thromboxane synthase

A

Dipyridamole

48
Q

Inhibits phospholipase A2 (which activates PMN adhesion molecules)

A

Corticosteroids/Catecholamines

49
Q

Neutrophilic leukocytosis, lymphopenia, eosinopenia

A

Corticosteroids

50
Q

Fever

A

Right shift OBC

Hostile to bacterial/viral replication

51
Q

Monocyte/macrophages
Increased IgG
Repair by fibrosis

A

Chronic inflammation

52
Q

Granuloma

A 
Cellular immunity
Macrophages interact with Th1 class cell
53
Q

Positive PPD

A

Langerhans cells process PPD and interact with Th1 cells

54
Q

Abscess

A

Suppurative inflammation

S. aureus (coagulase+)

55
Q

Subcutaneous inflammation

A

Cellulitis

S. pyogenes (hyaluronidase)

56
Q

Pseudomembranous inflammation

A

toxins from C. diphtheriae or C. difficile

57
Q

Key checkpoint of cell cycle

A

G1 to S phase

58
Q

Arrests cell in G1 phase for DNA repair or apoptosis

A

p53 and RB suppressor genes

59
Q

Stimulates apoptosis

Activated by p53 if too much DNA damage

60
Q

Basement membrane, interstitial matrix

A

Extracellular matrix

61
Q

Complete resoration

A

Cell must be capable of duplication

No damage to basement membrane

62
Q

End produce of repair by connective tissue

A

Scar tissue

63
Q

Triple helix of cross-linked alpha chains

A

Collagen

Cross links at points of hydroxylation by lysyl oxidase
Increases tensile strength

64
Q

Collagen in bones and tendons

A

Type I collagen

65
Q

Collagen in early wound repair

A

Type III collagen

66
Q

Collagen in basement membrane

A

Type IV collagen

67
Q

Collagen in epiphyseal plate

A

Type X collagen

68
Q

Key basement membrane glycoprotein

69
Q

Key interstitial matrix glycoprotein

A

Fibronectin

70
Q

Angiogenesis in repair

A

basic fibroblast growth factor

vascular endothelial growth factor

71
Q

Key event in wound repair

A

Granulation tissue formation

Fibronectin responsible

72
Q

Becomes scar tissue

A

Granulation tissue

73
Q

Collagenases

A 
Zinc cofactor (metalloprotease)
Type III collagen replaced by type I collagen
74
Q

Tensile strength of healed wound

A

80% original

75
Q

Inhibition of wound healing

A

Infection (S. aureus)
Zinc deficiency
DM

76
Q

Defects in collagen synthesis and structure

Hyperelasticity

A

Ehlers’Danlos syndrome

77
Q

Decreased collagen tensile strength by decreasing cross-links at points of hydroxylation

78
Q

Excessive type III collagen, common in blacks

79
Q

Exuberant granulation tissue

Bleeds when touched

A

Pyogenic granuloma

80
Q

Clean wound

Appose wound margins with suture

A

Healing by primary intention

81
Q

Infected wound

Leave wound open

A

Healing by secondary intention

Myofibroblasts important

82
Q

Liver injury

A

Regenerative nodules with abnormal cytoarchitecture

83
Q

Lung injury

A

Type II pneumocyte repair cell

84
Q

CNS injury

A

Astrocyte and microglial cell repair cells

Gliosis

85
Q

WBC cell alteration in acute inflammation

A

Neutrophilic leukocytosis
Left shift
Toxic granulation

86
Q

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate

A

Increased fibrinogen production enhances rouleau

87
Q

Indicator of acute inflammation and inflammatory atheromatous plaque

A

C-reactive protein

88
Q

Polyclonal gammopathy

A

Diffuse elevation in gamma globulins

Increased IgG in chronic inflammation

ZGeneral Path (8 decks)

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