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ZGoljan High Yields > Goljan High Yield Inflammation and Repair EC > Flashcards

Goljan High Yield Inflammation and Repair EC Flashcards

1
Q

Histamine

A

key chemical in acute inflammation: mast cell
Arteriole vasodilation
Increased venular permeability

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2
Q

Rubor acute inflammation

A 
Redness
Arteriole vasodilation (histamine)
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3
Q

Calor acute inflammation

A 
Heat
Arteriole vasodilation (histamine)q
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4
Q

Tumor acute inflammation

A

Swelling

Increased vessel permeability (histamine)

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5
Q

Dolor acute inflammation

A

Pain

bradykinin and PGE

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6
Q

Acute inflammation

A

Neutrophil dominant

Increased IgM

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7
Q

Initial vessel events in inflammation

A

Neutrophil dominant

Increased IgM

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8
Q

Neutrophil rolling acute inflammation

A

Due to selectins

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9
Q

Integrins

A

Neutrophil adhesion molecules
C5a and LTB4
Activate neutrophil margination

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10
Q

CD11/CD18

A

Markers for integrins

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11
Q

Endothelial cell adhesion molecules

A

activated by IL-1 and TNF

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12
Q

ICAM

A

Intercellular adhesion molecule

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13
Q

VCAM

A

vascular cell adhesion molecule

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14
Q

Leukocyte adhesion molecule defect

A

failure of umbilical cord to separate

Poor wound healing

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15
Q

Decreased neutrophil adhesion molecules

A

Neutrophilic leukocytosis

Due to corticosteroids and catecholamines

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16
Q

Increased neutrophil adhesion molecules

A

Neutropenia

Endotoxins

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17
Q

Chemotaxis

A

Directed movement

C5a and LTB4

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18
Q

Opsonizing agents

A

IgG
C3b
Enhance phagocytosis

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19
Q

Receptors for IgG, C3b

A

PMNs
Monocytes
Macrophages

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20
Q

Most potent microbicidal system

A

O2 dependent MPO system

in PMNs and monocytes but NOT macrophages

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21
Q

Production of superoxide from O2

A

NADPH oxidase with PADPH cofactor

Produces respiratory burst

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22
Q

Test for respiratory burst

A

Nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT)

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23
Q

Converts superoxide to peroxide

A

Superoxide dismutase

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24
Q

Lysosomal enzyme that combines peroxide + Cl to form bleach (HOCl)

A

Myeloperoxidase

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25
Microbicidal defects
``` Chronic granulomatous disease of childhood (XR) Myeloperoxidase deficiency (AR) ```
26
Absent NADPH oxidase, no respiratory burst
Chronic granulomatous disease
27
Catalase + organisms (ie S aureus) not killed, but strep killed
Chronic granulomatous disease
28
Respiratory burst present | No bleach produced
Myeloperoxidase deficiency (AR)
29
Opsonization defect
Bruton's agammaglobulinemia (XR) | Decreased IgG
30
Phagocytosis defect
Chediak-Higashi | Also has defect in microtubule polymerization
31
COX inhibitors
NSAIDS (non-selective) | COX-2 inhibitors
32
Vasodilation, fever
PGE2
33
Vasodilator, prevent platelet aggregation
PGI2
34
Vasodilator, FR gas from conversion of Arginine to Citrulline
NO
35
Fever, synthesis of acute phase reactants in liver, leukocytosis
IL-1 and TNF
36
Stimulated by IL-1 | Stimulates synthesis of acute phase reactants
IL-6
37
Fibrinogen, Ferritin, C-reactive protein
Acute phase reactants
38
Kinin produced in conversion of factor XII to factor XI
Bradykinin
39
Pain, vasodilator, increased vessel permeability, cough/angioedema with ACE inhibitors
Bradykinin
40
C3a and C5a
Anaphylatoxins | Directly stimulate mast cells release of histamine
41
Synthesized by endothelial cells Vasodilator Inhibits platelet aggregation
PGI2
42
Hydroxylation of arachidonic acid
Lipoxygenase
43
Inhibits lipoxygenase
Zileuton
44
Block lipoxygenase receptor
Zafirlukast | Montelukast
45
Bronchoconstrictors
LTC4 LTD4 LTE4
46
Synthesized by platelets | Platelet aggregation, vasoconstriction, bronchoconstriction
TXA2
47
Inhibits thromboxane synthase
Dipyridamole
48
Inhibits phospholipase A2 (which activates PMN adhesion molecules)
Corticosteroids/Catecholamines
49
Neutrophilic leukocytosis, lymphopenia, eosinopenia
Corticosteroids
50
Fever
Right shift OBC | Hostile to bacterial/viral replication
51
Monocyte/macrophages Increased IgG Repair by fibrosis
Chronic inflammation
52
Granuloma
``` Cellular immunity Macrophages interact with Th1 class cell ```
53
Positive PPD
Langerhans cells process PPD and interact with Th1 cells
54
Abscess
Suppurative inflammation | S. aureus (coagulase+)
55
Subcutaneous inflammation
Cellulitis | S. pyogenes (hyaluronidase)
56
Pseudomembranous inflammation
toxins from C. diphtheriae or C. difficile
57
Key checkpoint of cell cycle
G1 to S phase
58
Arrests cell in G1 phase for DNA repair or apoptosis
p53 and RB suppressor genes
59
Stimulates apoptosis | Activated by p53 if too much DNA damage
BAX gene
60
Basement membrane, interstitial matrix
Extracellular matrix
61
Complete resoration
Cell must be capable of duplication | No damage to basement membrane
62
End produce of repair by connective tissue
Scar tissue
63
Triple helix of cross-linked alpha chains
Collagen Cross links at points of hydroxylation by lysyl oxidase Increases tensile strength
64
Collagen in bones and tendons
Type I collagen
65
Collagen in early wound repair
Type III collagen
66
Collagen in basement membrane
Type IV collagen
67
Collagen in epiphyseal plate
Type X collagen
68
Key basement membrane glycoprotein
Laminin
69
Key interstitial matrix glycoprotein
Fibronectin
70
Angiogenesis in repair
basic fibroblast growth factor | vascular endothelial growth factor
71
Key event in wound repair
Granulation tissue formation | Fibronectin responsible
72
Becomes scar tissue
Granulation tissue
73
Collagenases
``` Zinc cofactor (metalloprotease) Type III collagen replaced by type I collagen ```
74
Tensile strength of healed wound
80% original
75
Inhibition of wound healing
Infection (S. aureus) Zinc deficiency DM
76
Defects in collagen synthesis and structure | Hyperelasticity
Ehlers'Danlos syndrome
77
Decreased collagen tensile strength by decreasing cross-links at points of hydroxylation
Scurvy
78
Excessive type III collagen, common in blacks
Keloid
79
Exuberant granulation tissue | Bleeds when touched
Pyogenic granuloma
80
Clean wound | Appose wound margins with suture
Healing by primary intention
81
Infected wound | Leave wound open
Healing by secondary intention | Myofibroblasts important
82
Liver injury
Regenerative nodules with abnormal cytoarchitecture
83
Lung injury
Type II pneumocyte repair cell
84
CNS injury
Astrocyte and microglial cell repair cells | Gliosis
85
WBC cell alteration in acute inflammation
Neutrophilic leukocytosis Left shift Toxic granulation
86
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
Increased fibrinogen production enhances rouleau
87
Indicator of acute inflammation and inflammatory atheromatous plaque
C-reactive protein
88
Polyclonal gammopathy
Diffuse elevation in gamma globulins | Increased IgG in chronic inflammation

ZGoljan High Yields (5 decks)

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