Golation And Purification Of Organic Compound

Question 1

Sublimation

Answer 1

Direct conversion of a solid to vapor upon heating.
Separates sublimable from non-sublimable compounds (e.g., naphthalene, iodine).

Question 2

Crystallization

Answer 2

Based on solubility differences in suitable solvents.
Used for compounds like NaCl, KNO₃.

Question 3

Distillation

Answer 3

Separates volatile liquids from non-volatile impurities.
Also separates liquids with different boiling points.

Question 4

Fractional Distillation

Answer 4

For mixtures of miscible liquids with different boiling points.
Examples include separation of crude oil components.

Question 5

Distillation under Reduced Pressure

Answer 5

For compounds with high boiling points that decompose at or below boiling points.
Example: Separating glycerol from spent-lye in soap industry.

Question 6

Steam Distillation

Answer 6

For steam volatile substances immiscible in water.
Example: Separation of aniline from an aniline-water mixture.

Question 7

Differential Extraction

Answer 7

Separates an organic compound from an aqueous solution using a more soluble organic solvent.
Example: Separating benzoic acid using benzene.