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Greek Myth 204 > Gods > Flashcards

Gods Flashcards

1
Q

Hermes Psychopompus

A

guide of souls

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2
Q

caduceus

A

wind with 2 serpents and wings

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3
Q

Charon

A

boat man

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4
Q

Argus

A

100 eyed, slain by Hermes, guarded Io

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5
Q

Hephaestia

A

to Athens and Hephaestus, every 5 years

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6
Q

Adonis

A

Aphrodite + Persephone love, Ares kills

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7
Q

Potnia Theron

A

mistress of animals (Homer of Artemis)

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8
Q

Cheiron

A

centaur teacher

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9
Q

Leto

A

mother of Apollo + Artemis

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10
Q

short chiton

A

symbol of Artemis (dress)

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11
Q

Niobe

A

hubris - 12 vs. 2 kids

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12
Q

Oineus

A

King of Caledon (boar hunt)

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13
Q

Iphigenia

A

ex-daughter of Agamemnon

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14
Q

Agamemnon

A

killed Iphigenia after displeasing Artemis (hubris)

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15
Q

Clytmnestra

A

wife of Agamemnon

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16
Q

Actaeon

A

saw Artemis bathing - turned into stag and eaten by dogs

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17
Q

Callisto

A

raped by Zeus - virgin for Artemis so turned into bear (Ursa Major)

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18
Q

Hippolytus

A

celibate for Artemis, spurns Aphrodite

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19
Q

ephebes

A

training to be soldiers

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20
Q

Apollodorus

A

writer, says Zeus threw Hephaestus

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21
Q

Erechtonios

A

mythical king of Athens, son of Athena’s towel

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22
Q

Diomedes

A

Greek hero, wounds Ares

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23
Q

Hippolyte

A

Amazon with belt of Ares

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24
Q

Penthesilea

A

Amazon Achilles loved as he killed

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25
Q

Alcippe

A

Ares killed son of Poseidon for trying to rape her

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26
Q

Deimos

A

terror (s. of Ares)

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27
Q

Phobos

A

fear (s. of Ares)

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28
Q

Harmonia

A

married Cadmus, balancing natures of Aphrodite and Ares

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29
Q

Eros

A

male god of love, s of ares +aphrodite

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30
Q

Maia

A

mother of Hermes

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31
Q

Homer

A

epic poet

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32
Q

Pandora

A

first woman, created by Hephaestus with contributions from the gods “all-gifted”

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33
Q

Pan

A

shepherd god (erect goat)

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34
Q

Autolykus

A

son of Hermes, mortal master theif

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35
Q

Apemosyne

A

raped by Hermes (fast runner) says Apollodorus

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36
Q

Prometheus

A

cultural hero “forethought”

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37
Q

Hestia

A

“hearth”

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38
Q

Hermes

A

“he of the stone heap”

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39
Q

Enki

A

god of earth in Sumeria (made mortals of clay)

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40
Q

Epimethus

A

“afterthought”

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41
Q

Elpis

A

hope personified in Pandora’s jar

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42
Q

Hesiod

A

5 Ages (in Works and Days)

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43
Q

Deucalion

A

flood guy

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44
Q

Pyrrha

A

wife of Deucalion (flood

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45
Q

Lycaon

A

punished for feeding Gods a human and earth flooded

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46
Q

Hellen

A

son of Deucalion and Pyrrha (Hellenic)

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47
Q

Aeschylus

A

Prometheus Bound

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48
Q

Io

A

punished by Hera for sleeping with Zeus (gadfly)

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49
Q

the Muses

A

with Apollo

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50
Q

Marsyas

A

played flute vs. Apollo and almost tied (satyr)

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51
Q

Python

A

slain by Apollo

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52
Q

Apollo Delphinius

A

priests/sailors from crete

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53
Q

Pythia

A

female oracle at Delphi

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54
Q

Daphne

A

laurel tree (chased by Apollo

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55
Q

Hycinth

A

Apollo loved him, but killed by discus

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56
Q

Asclepius

A

son of Apollo (doctor)

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57
Q

Apollo

A

“assembly” - when ephebes introduced to society

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58
Q

Apollo Phoebus

A

sun god

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59
Q

Eileithyia

A

childbirth goddess

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60
Q

Oineus

A

given grapevine by Dionysus - King of Laledon

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61
Q

Ikarios

A

taught wine-making - killed for it

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62
Q

Lykourgas

A

tried to arrest Dionysos in Thrace- cut off sons legs and oracle tells subjects to kill him

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63
Q

Proetids

A

daughters fo king Proetus - inflicted with leprosy and kill children

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64
Q

Minyads

A

daughters of king minyas, didnt worship dionysus, eat a kid ad become owls, bats

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65
Q

Ariadne

A

marries Dionysus after Theseus

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66
Q

Oinopion

A

“rich in grapes” - founds Chios, waters wine

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67
Q

Staphylos

A

“bunch of grapes”

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68
Q

Ino

A

cares for Dionysus disguised as girl, but turned mad

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69
Q

Nymphs of Mt. Nysa

A

care for goat Dionysus

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70
Q

Ampelos

A

first love of Dionysus, grape vine form his blood (Bull attack) combines with Dionysus’ tears for first grape vine

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71
Q

Cybele

A

Great Mother, Aphrodite in Phrygia

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72
Q

Bacchae

A

female followers of Dionysus

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73
Q

Maenads

A

dancing female followers of Dionysus with ivy wreaths + panther skins

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74
Q

Bacchantos

A

followers of Dionysus (m+F)

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75
Q

Silens

A

old satyrs

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76
Q

Silenus

A

wisest silen

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77
Q

King Midas

A

Dionysus granted him the 1 favor of gold (made Lydia rich land)

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78
Q

Orpheus

A

describes failed katabasis of Dionysus (reborn to semele)

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79
Q

Dionysos Zagreus

A

Dionysus re-born

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80
Q

Thanatos

A

personified death

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81
Q

Hades

A

“unseen one”/ “wealthy one”

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82
Q

Hades Polydegmon

A

receiver of men

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83
Q

Hades Polyxenos

A

host to many

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84
Q

Persephone

A

Homeric Hymn to Demeter

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85
Q

Cerberus

A

3 headed dog

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86
Q

King Minos

A

Judge of Underworld

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87
Q

Rhadamanthys

A

Judge of Hades with brother Minos

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88
Q

Aecus

A

son of Zeus + judge of Hades

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89
Q

Tityos

A

tried to rape Leto, punished like prometheus

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90
Q

Tantalos

A

King of Lydia, fed gods his son Pelops - tantalized with food and water

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91
Q

Sisyphus

A

founder of Corinth, cheats death but forced to push boulder forever

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92
Q

Hecate

A

witchcraft, attendant of Persephone, guards gates

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93
Q

Furies

A

from blood of Uranus’ castration

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94
Q

Gaea

A

can be chthonian deity

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95
Q

Hypnos

A

sleep (brother of Thanatos)

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96
Q

Strife

A

crashes wedding of Peleus and Thetis with golden apple

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97
Q

Helen of Troy

A

married to Menelaos, then leaves with Paris

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98
Q

Menelaos

A

gave Paris Xenia (oops)

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99
Q

Moirae

A

“share”/”portion” (3 sisters Atroppus, Clotho and Lachesis)

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100
Q

Achilles

A

hero

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101
Q

Bryseis

A

Achilles has to give her to Agamemnon

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102
Q

Patroklos

A

killed by Hector fighting for Achilles

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103
Q

Pentheus

A

dresses as girl and killed by mother in Euripides’ Bacchae (unable to know his self)

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104
Q

Agave

A

mother of Pentheus, goes mad and kills him

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105
Q

Tiresias

A

blind seer, only one not punished in Bacchae

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106
Q

Cadmus

A

legendary founder of thebes, advises to worship Dionysus for pragmatic purposes but banished in the end

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107
Q

Clotho

108
Q

Atropos

109
Q

Lachesis

110
Q

Sarpedon

A

Zeus’ son killed in Illiad

111
Q

Hector

A

eventually killed by Achilles in book 22. honourable to gods but fated to die

112
Q

Cicero

A

wrote “on the nature of the Gods”

113
Q

Pliny the Elder

A

writes of spirits living in trees and rivers as basis for Italian religion

114
Q

Jupiter

115
Q

Mars

A

Ares (but more important)

116
Q

Juno

A

Hera - from “iuventus”

117
Q

Minerva

A

Athena - also god of physicians and inventor of instruments

118
Q

Capitoline Triad

A

Minerva, Jupiter, Juno

119
Q

Mercury

A

Hermes “merchents”

120
Q

Vesta

A

Hestia but more important, guards hearths and has vestal virgins

121
Q

Vestal Virgins

A

buried alive if they have sex!

122
Q

apollo is the same in roman

A

personal deity of augustus

123
Q

Venus

A

Aphrodite - originally a fresh water numen

124
Q

Vulcan

A

Hephaestos

125
Q

Diana

126
Q

Bacchus

A

Dionysus (not strictly a diff name) -

127
Q

Liber

A

identified with Dionysus, “free”, roman numen of wine

128
Q

Ceres

129
Q

Neptune

A

Poseidon (mostly horses)

130
Q

Cupid

A

“desire” aka Eros

131
Q

Psyche

A

“soul” - Cupid marries her eventually after trapping her on island.

132
Q

Janus

A

two faced door god

133
Q

Saturn

A

Saturnais, roman Kronos kind of - agriculture guy

134
Q

Priapus

A

erect lawn gnome bringing good luck

135
Q

Hercules

A

Herakles, deified hero

136
Q

Alcestis

A

ideal greek wife, rescued by Hercules from Hades

137
Q

Cacus

A

son of Hephaestos, killed by Hercules in Aenid - monster near area where rome founded.

138
Q

Dido

A

Aeneas forced to love and leave her - commits suicide

139
Q

Aeschylus

A

Prometheus Bound

140
Q

Ovid

A

Metamorphoses (Daphne, Deucalion)

141
Q

Cynaethus of Chios

A

Wrote hymn to the Pythian Apollo

142
Q

Hermes

A

pillars in Athens to Hermes with phalluses

143
Q

symbols of Artemis

A

bow, arrow, sandals, chiton

144
Q

Parthenia

A

state between childhood and motherhood (women = undomesticated)

145
Q

sparagmos

A

ritual tearing apart

146
Q

Ursa Major

A

Callisto after punished by Artemis

147
Q

Arkteia

A

cult ritual to Artemis - dress as bears

148
Q

kourotropic deities

A

child-nourishing role

149
Q

parthenogenesis

A

asexual reproduction by a god

150
Q

Hephaestos’ injury

A

Apollodorus- zeus threw off cliff. OR Hera created him and was disgusted by imperfection so banished him.

151
Q

role of Artemis

A

hunting, hunters, wild animals, virgins and childbirth

152
Q

role of Hephaestos

A

fire, blacksmiths, artisans in metalwork

153
Q

role of Ares

A

savage war, masculine agression

154
Q

symbols of Ares

A

sword, shield, spear

155
Q

animals of Ares

A

dog, vulture

156
Q

Homeric Hymn to Hermes

A

tells of his first few days after birth to Maia

157
Q

Hermes’ role

A

theivery, cattle, messenger god,

158
Q

syrinx

A

“shepherd’s pipes”

159
Q

kerykeion

A

“herald’s staff”

160
Q

talaria

A

winged sandals

161
Q

petasos

A

traveller’s hat

162
Q

chlamys

A

cloak for Hermes

163
Q

hermeneuo

A

“to interpret” - derived from Hermes’ name

164
Q

Hestia’s role

A

hearth, chastity, eats first sacrificed meat

165
Q

prytaneion

A

location of central hearth in Grk cities that stays lit (protectress)

166
Q

Binatural goddess

A

Hestia is both anthropomorphic and a physical hearth

167
Q

divine/heroic trickster

A

archetype that Prometheus encompasses

168
Q

Myth of sacrificial banquet at Mecone

A

Prometheus tricks Zeus with two piles of sacrifice portions

169
Q

Myth of stealing fire

A

Prometheus returns it after Zeus steals it back for Mecone

170
Q

fennel stock

A

used to carry fire

171
Q

Theogeny

A

by Hesiod - explains origins of gods, including creation of Pandora

172
Q

Pandora’s jar

A

only hope remains

173
Q

Hesiod’s misogynism

A

Pandora myth and original sin.

174
Q

oikos

A

greek household

175
Q

Golden Age

A

no women, eat with gods

176
Q

Silver Age

A

100 years to grow up, hurting each other and sacrilegious.

177
Q

Bronze Age

A

ash trees used to make men who only fight and kill each other off

178
Q

Age of Heroes

A

Troy, many went to Elysian Field at death. Better than last stage

179
Q

Iron Age

A

Hesiod’s, low point where shame and Nemesis abandon doomed mankind. (no justice)

180
Q

Universality of Flood Myth

A

Bible, Sumeria, Epic of Gilgamesh

181
Q

Myth of Deucalion and Pyrrha

A

(Ovid’s Metamorphoses) after Lycaon feeds person to Zeus, humanity punished, they start afresh with stones thrown

182
Q

Prometheus Bound

A

Aeschylus play (trilogy #1) Zeus as unjust, and Prometheus punished for civilizing mankind

183
Q

hamartia

A

“missing the mark” - Prometheus did not follow divine approval

184
Q

cultural heroes

A

Hermes, Prometheus, Apollo, Dionysus

185
Q

Myth of Apollo and Satyr Marsyas

A

bestial vs. civilized, hubris, Marsyas lost and skinned alive

186
Q

hubris

A

excessive pride leads to downfalls

187
Q

Oracle of Pythian Apollo

A

mt parnassus

188
Q

Stepterion

A

“feast of purification” religious drama purging moral pollution - re-enact killing of Python

189
Q

ritual cleansing of Apollo

A

after killing Python- becomes shepherd

190
Q

laurel tree

A

Daphne (Ovid’s Metamorphoses)

191
Q

Paean

A

Apollo’s peopm

192
Q

Apollo as ‘eternal ephebe’

A

always depicted as young (18-20)

193
Q

Homeric Hymn to Apollo

A

(Cynaethus of Chios) - describes birth and founding of oracle

194
Q

Apollo’s role

A

sun god, music, prophecy

195
Q

Apollo’s bird

196
Q

Apollo’s symbols

197
Q

diplogennemeinos

A

twice born - Dionysus

198
Q

Thyrsos

A

pine cone staff

199
Q

Symbols of Dionysus

A

ivy wreath, thyrsos, timbrel (drum)

200
Q

animals of Dionysus

A

pantheres + cats

201
Q

Dionysus’ role

A

wine, drama

202
Q

Myth of Lykourgas

A

thrace - tried to arrest Dionysus, cuts of son’s legs and killed by citizens

203
Q

Myth of Proetids

A

Dionysus gives leprosy and they kill children (think they are cows)

204
Q

Myth of Minyads

A

Boeotia - didnt worship Dionysus (sewed instead) so they eat a kid and become owls and bats

205
Q

Homeric Hymn to Dionysos

A

Anonymous. why dolphins are friendly to men

206
Q

Hecator

A

intelligent helmsman saved by dionysus

207
Q

katabasis of dionysus

A

to retrieve Semele (did or didnt succeed) - had sex with dead guy

208
Q

katabasis

A

descent to underworld on a mission

209
Q

City Dionysia

A

festival annually to god of theature with Phallic procession, plays

210
Q

Orphism

A

idea that Dionysus dies eaten by Titans and is salvaged later

211
Q

Festival of Anthesteria

A

late February - wine sampled for Dionysos and hieros gamos of Dionysus by archon basileus and wife

212
Q

hieros gamos

A

sacred marriage

213
Q

chous

A

5 litre vat of wine

214
Q

Dionysus vs. Apollo

A

both sons of Zeus, but opposites- rational vs irrational, culture bringers

215
Q

dithyramb

A

poem of dionysus

216
Q

ecstasis

A

standing outside oneself

217
Q

enthousiasmos

A

being filled with a god (dionysus + pythia)

218
Q

Bacchanalia

A

mystery cult to Dionysus

219
Q

thiasos

A

band of maenad women in Bacchanalia

220
Q

Omophagia

A

eating animals raw (Bacchanalia?)

221
Q

erebos

A

“darkness” - underworld

222
Q

House of Hades

A

palace guarded by Cerberus

223
Q

role of Hades

A

god of darkness, underworld

224
Q

attributes of Hades

A

sceptre, cornucopia, large 2 handed vessels

225
Q

spiritus

A

“breath” - soul after death with psyche

226
Q

Elysian Fields

A

for heroes/Menaleus married well. Elysium, Isles of the Blessed

227
Q

Styx

A

main river of underworld “shuddering” barrier with dead

228
Q

Acheran

A

“grief” river

229
Q

Cocytus

A

“wailing” river

230
Q

Phlegethon

A

“burning” river

231
Q

Lethe

A

“forgetfulness” river for reincarnation (later)

232
Q

Illiad

A

Homer, gods involved

233
Q

Gods supporting Greece vs. Troy

A

Athena, Hera, Poseidon, Hermes, Hephaestos

234
Q

Gods supporting Troy

A

Apollo, Aphrodite, Ares, Artemis

235
Q

Anger of Achilles as theme of Illiad

A

over Bryseis to Agamemnon, patroklos dies, achilles returns

236
Q

ompholos

A

naval of world - rock (not zeus) at Delphi

237
Q

Themis

A

god pre-Apollo at Delphi (Deucalion prays to her)

238
Q

Process for asking oracle

A

wash, pay, sacrificse, (pythia burns laurel, sits on tripod, drips from spring, speaks in tongues), priest translates prophecy to greek

239
Q

Cyparissus

A

loves a stag and cries when it dies until he becomes Cyprus tree - Apollo pursued him

240
Q

Ixion

A

assaulted Hera - bound to fiery wheel to fly through Hades

241
Q

Tragic Mystery

A

justice doesnt always prevail, and heroes suffer more as they discover truth

242
Q

Moral freedom

A

hero accepts responsibility and makes themselves into a free moral agent, not victim of gods, after sudden insight during play

243
Q

Bacchae

A

Euripides - Pentheus killed by mad mother Agave for scorning Dionysus

244
Q

dual destinies

A

Achilles has 2 possible fates

245
Q

time

A

honour to the gods (creates favour)

246
Q

animism

A

animating objects as deities (rome)

247
Q

numen

A

divine natural spirit

248
Q

legionary standards

A

zeus’ eagle

249
Q

auspices

A

omens from jupiter

250
Q

Romulus and Remus

A

sons of Mars and Rhea Silvia

251
Q

Rhea Silvia

A

Vestal virgin, mother of Romulus and Remus

252
Q

Mola Salsa

A

sacrificial cake - vestal virgins

253
Q

Volanalia

A

festival in august - throw live fish into fires

254
Q

kantharos

A

drinking vessel, symbol of Bacchus/Dionysus

255
Q

Villa of the Mysteries

A

pompeii, shows Bacchanalia with wine and orgies

256
Q

Lustratio

A

procession in festival to Ceres to set crops free from harm

257
Q

Myth of Cupid and Psyche

A

Cupid takes her off cliff anonymously to mansion, she sees him, goes on quests to get him back and marries

258
Q

Saturnalia

A

early Chrismas Dec. 17-23 - hugely popular with gambling, games etc.

259
Q

Priapeia

A

collection of obscene short poems about priapus

260
Q

Hercules subdues Cacus

A

in italy, cacus stole hercules’ cattle and is slayed.

261
Q

Ara Maxima

A

greatest altar - founded by Hercules after slaying Cacus

262
Q

Loves of Ares and Aphrodite

A

Homer - Odyssey - Hephaestus gets revenge

263
Q

Anchises

A

father of Aeneas with Aphrodite

264
Q

Aneas

A

“pain” - in Vergil’s Aeneid

265
Q

the Aeneid

266
Q

Homeric Hymn to Demeter

Greek Myth 204 (1 decks)

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