Gobalisation Flashcards
Economic Globalisation
-The growth of TNC’s,which have a global brand image and presence;rapid growth in world trade
Cultural Globalisation
-Unifying and diversifying;people using increasingly similar:Food,Clothes,Music,Values-many of which are ‘western’ in origin(From North America and Europe)
Political Globalisation
-Spreading ideologies,global organisations(Eg. The UN),the dominance of Western democracies in political and economic decision making,consumerist societies are the ‘successful’
Demographic Globalisation
-Increasing migration and tourism makes populations more fluid and mixed
Environmental Globalisation
-Agreements(eg Paris)
-Pollution affecting other countries
-Species being spread to other countries
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Length of connections
-How far the connections are between people and places
Depth of connections
-How heavily involved globalisation influences your daily life
ASEAN
(The Association of South East Asian Nations)
-A free trade area with 10 members.
-A uniform low tariff is applied between members for specified goods.
-Political globalisation:ASEAN aims to co-ordinate response to regional political issues.More political than economic.
-ASEAN way incorporated a culture specific approach to conflict resolution.Seeks census and avoids public criticism of member nations.
EU
-Single market trade bloc composed of 28 members
-Guarantees the free movement of goods,capital and people.
-A single currency has been adopted by 19 members.
-Integrated economic policy areas.
-Political globalisation with the European Parliament and some foreign policy determined at EU level.
Trade Blocs
-Voluntary agreement between governments where barriers to trade are reduced or eliminated among the participating countries.
Quantifying Globalisation
KOF index-
AT Kearney-
Privatisation in Tanzania
SEZ (Special Economic Zones)
-An area in a country that is designed to generate positive economics growth.
-A SEZ is normally subject to different and more favourable economic regulations than rest of country.
Case Study-China
-‘Open Door’ Policy in 1978.
-Needed Western Technology and Investment to develop its Economy.
-Companies from Europe and the USA quickly saw the advantages of outsourcing and relocating in the Southern China’s Special Economic Zones.—>Offered Tac Incentives and pools of Cheap Labour.
-China’s Rapid Economic Growth has allocated the Flow of FDI.
-China is the World’s Largest Recipient of FDI.
Switched off-North Korea
-Since 1948,North Korea has ruled as an Autocracy.
-Remains Politically Isolated from the World.
-Ordinary Citizens do not have any access to the internet or Social Media.
-No Undersea Data Cables Connecting North Korea to Anywhere else.
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Switched-off-Sahel
-Poverty affects the overwhelming majority of people in Sahel Nations.
, such as Chad,Mali and Burkina Faso.
-Mismanagement of Natural Resources and Human Resources to Colonial Rulers have Played a role.
-LDC’s lacking a Coastline,Such as Chad,may struggle to attract FDI.
-Arid Conditions and Desertification cause a risk to further development challenges.
-Extreme Environmental Conditions increase the challenge of Providing Infrastructure.
Sub-Saharan Africa
Zambia
-Zambia-World’s 8th largest producer of Raw+Part Produced Copper.
-Landlocked however,so it relies on Good Political Relations with its neighbours.
-in the 70’s a 1860km rail link was developed using Chinese Investment—>By 2000 this rail link was in poor repair.
^Further Investment has now upgraded it-Copper Exports have risen since 2008.
-Since 2000,Privatisation and Debt Cancellation have reduced Zambia’s debt,and $20 Billion of FDI has been invested in Copper Industry.
Sub-Saharan Africa
Tanzania
-Very Fertile Volcanic Soil,and 80% of its Working Population work in Agriculture.
-Global Overproduction of Cotten has cause prices to Frequently fall.
-This no Guarantee of Income+GDP fluctuation mean Tanzania is struggling to ‘Switch on’
-Until 2001,Tanzania had serious Debt Problems,but the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) initiative lead to cancellation of many of its debts.
-Now Income gained goes to investment in Schools and Healthcare.
- Tanzania also has great links with India,China,Japan and the UAE in order it export its products.
China-Global Shift
Benefits of Growth
-1970’s+1980’s Global Shift began.
-By 2013,the Value of two-way trade between Americas and Asia was nearly double that of Americas and Europe.
-FDI in China+South-East Asian countries has focused on Manufacturing.
-Benefits of Growth-By 2016 China had World’s largest highway network,its High-Speed rail (HSR) was the world’s longest.
-Reduction of Poverty-Over 300 Million Chinese people are now considered to be Middle Class.
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China-Global Shift
Costs of Growth
-The loss of Productive Farmland-Over 3 Million Hectares of arable farmland lost due to pollution with heavy metals.
-An increase in Unplanned Settlements.
Leicester-Global Shift
-In the 1920’s-Over 30,000 people worked in Leicester’s Textile Mills.
-The Demand for extra factory workers brought Indian,Pakistani families to Leicester.
-By 70’s overseas competition meant cheaper clothes were available in Asia.
Leicester-Global Shift Impacts
-Dereliction and Contamination.
-Unemployment,Depopulation,Deprivation.
Elite Migration in London-Londongrad
-Oligarchs became very rich quality in the 90’s when the USSR collapsed.
-Putin made conditions less favourable for Oligarchs unless they supported him.
-35% of Foreign Purchases of Residential Property were from Russians.
Elite Migration-Londongrad
Benefits to UK
-Investments cause boosts to Economy.
-Good Relations with Uk and other Countries.
-Spread of Culture through interaction amongst students.
-Russian Oligarchs seek advice and pay for Services from Lawyers,Investment Bankers in UK.
-Some Tightening of Legislation results in Oligarchs not being able to Monopolise UK Markets.
