Gnatho 64-82

Question 1

64. Working side/group guidance

Answer 1

contacts of teeth made on the side of the articulation toward which the mandible is moved during working side movements.
During lateral movement of the mandible the buccal cusps of more or all the opposing teeth have a contact, therefore the canines with the buccal cusps of the premolars and molars guide the movement, while the contact between the upper and lower chewing teeth on the non-working side is disengaged.

Question 2

65. Hyperbalance

Answer 2

during working side movement of the mandible

there is no contact between the grinding teeth on the working side just on the balance side.

Question 3

66. Centric relation term in prosthodontics

Answer 3

the mandibulo-maxillar relationship (in three dimensions), which is identical to that position, where the mandible would be in the centric occlusion position if the patient had the whole dentition.
This position should be determined in edentulous patients and if the patient has not enough teeth to determine the centric occlusion position.
The condyles are in a symmetrical centric, uppermost position in the joints, without any side shift, the discs are on the anterior-superior pole of the condyles.

Question 4

67. Range of the Bennett angle

Answer 4

between 7–30º, 10–15º in average - measured on the balance side.

Question 5

68. Range of the Bennett movement

Answer 5

in horizontal plane 0.75 mm in average,

usually less than 1.5–2 mm – measured on the working side.

Question 6

69. Main points of the Posselt’s diagramm

Answer 6

retruded contact position, 
intercuspal position,
frontal edge to edge bite position,
(maximal protrusion) anterior biting, 
protruded occlusion, 
reversed vertical overlap,
maximal opening, 
end of hinge movement, 
postural rest position of the I point.

Question 7

70. Main points of the symphysis lateralis

Answer 7

retruded contact position, 
intercuspal position, 
frontal edge to edge bite position, 
maximal protrusion,
lateral cusp bite position, 
maximal side movement.

Question 8

71. Main points of the lateral condylar path

Answer 8

retruded contact position,
maximal protrusion or opening,
maximal side movement.

Question 9

72. Articulation

Answer 9

or dynamic occlusion,
the continuously changing contact relationship between the occlusal surfaces of the teeth during mandibular movements.
Those movements of the mandible, which are guided and restricted by the teeth.

Question 10

73. Orbitale

Answer 10

the lowest point of the lower edge of the cranial orbit

Question 11

74. Incision inferius

Answer 11

the mesial corner of the left lowwer incisior edge

Question 12

75. Porion

Answer 12

uppermost point of the external auditory meatus

Question 13

76. Ectocondylare

Answer 13

the most external point of the mandibular condyle

Question 14

77. Gnathion

Answer 14

the lowest bony point of the mandible in the median saggital plane.
The lowest point on the anterior margin of the lower jaw in the midsaggital plane.

Question 15

78. Subnasale

Answer 15

the meeting point of the septum nasi and the upper lip in the mediansaggital plane

Question 16

79. Tragion

Answer 16

the uppermost point of the tragus

Question 17

80. How big is base and height of the Bonwill triangle

Answer 17

Base is 10 cm,

height is 8.5 cm

Question 18

81. Mutually protected articulation

Answer 18

an occlusal scheme in which the posterior teeth prevent excessive contact of the anterior teeth in maximum intercuspidation,
and the anterior teeth disengage the posterior teeth in all mandibular excursive movements.
Alternatively, an occlusal scheme in which the anterior teeth disengage the posterior teeth in all mandibular excursive movements,
and the posterior teeth prevent excessive contact of the anterior teeth in maximum intercuspation.

Question 19

82. Anterior protected articulation

Answer 19

a form of mutually protected articulation in which the vertical and horizontal overlap of the anterior teeth disengages the posterior teeth in all mandibular excursive movement