GMED3009- Trauma

Question 1

Aetiology of trauma

Answer 1

• depends on mechanism of injury
  -> Direct force: directly acted upon an ecternal force (eg, fall, crush, impact, sprain)
  -> Indirect force: away from the force acted upon
  (e.g. rotational, lever force)

Question 2

Risk factors associated with trauma

Answer 2

Males (15-24), MVA, drugs, nature of work

Question 3

Pathophysiology of maxillofacial trauma

Answer 3

Le Forte I= transverse fracture
Le Forte II= pyramid fracture
Led Forte III= complete cranial disruption

Question 4

Pathophysiology of cranial trauma- types of skull fractures

Answer 4

1) Linear fracture= bones DO NOT seperate
2) Depressed fracture= fractures has caved in, blood accumulation- surgical intervention required
3) Diastic fracture (babies)=suture line
4) Basilar fracture=break in the base of the skull- causing racoon eyes, battle sign, CSF fluid leakage (SEVERE)

Question 5

What are the major consequences of thoracic, abdominal and musculoskeletal injury?

Answer 5

thoracic- haemothorax, pneumothorax, flail chest, cardiac tamponade, aortic disruption

abdominal- hepatic and spleen injury

musculoskeletal- femur and pelvic fractures

Question 6

Typical sign and symptoms of trauma

Answer 6

• Hypertension
• Tachycardia
• Hypoxemia
• Wheezing + stidor
• Cold and clammy
• Confused
• Pain/ bleeding

Question 7

Nursing care management of trauma

Answer 7

O2 ventilation
BP- warmed IV fluids + warm blankets
HR- ECG
Pain management
Urine output- IDC

Question 8

Diagnostic studies carried out in trauma patients

Answer 8

Bloods- ABG’s, U and E,FBC, platelets, blood cultures
Scans- CT, XRAY, MRI
ECG and neuro-obs

Question 9

Pharmacological treatment for trauma patients

Answer 9

Fluids-
Crystalloid fluids= NaCl and hartmans solution
Colloid fluids= Gelatins and Albumin

Fentanyl- IV or IM/ opioid analgesic/ 3-7 hrs/ respiratory depression

Question 10

Define Flail chest

Answer 10

due to broken/ fractured ribs (2+ more), flail segments will be pulled in whilst the rest of the rib cage expands, due to trauma

Question 11

Define closed pneumothorax

Answer 11

No open wound to outside, however, air accumulation in pleural space, causing accumulation of pressure

Question 12

Pt with more than one serious injury is

Answer 12

multiple trauma patient

Question 13

Action of forces that have caused or contributed to the injury is known as

Answer 13

mechanism of injury

Question 14

Battle signs is common in which type of fracture

Answer 14

Basilar skull fracture

Question 15

Hypotension, severe jugular distention and tracheal deviation are common signs of what?

Answer 15

tension pneumothorax

Question 16

What is the diffrence between a cricothyromtomy and trachesostomy

Answer 16

placement and circumstacnes which they are done
Cricothyromtomy- Emergecy situations, through the adams apple
Trachesostomy- placed lower down the trachea, OR, used for long periods of ventilation