GMAT Flashcards

1
Q

epithet [ ˈepɪθet ]

ex) Warao mourners also use irony as an effective verbal strategy: they may, for example, use mocking epithets in reference to high-ranking figures.

A

1. a word or phrase that describes a person or thing

ex) The film is long and dramatic but does not quite earn the epithet ‘epic’.

2. an offensive word or name that is used as a way of abusing or insulting someone

ex) Woman and child seen writing a racist epithet and lewd drawing at Highland Park Elementary School playground

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2
Q

discourse [ˈdɪs.kɔːrs ]

In one lament, for example, the singer offers her own positive interpretation of her deceased son’s behavior while characterizing community officials’ discussions of that behavior not as the authoritative discourse of leaders but as idle talk

A

the use of words to exchange thoughts and ideas

ex) He was hoping for some lively political discourse at the meeting.

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3
Q

blatant [ ˈbleɪtnt ]

It is unlikely that the book’s author suppressed as blatant fabrication any references Marco Polo might have made to the Great Wall.

A

You use blatant to describe something bad that is done in an open or very obvious way.

ex) Outsiders will continue to suffer the most blatant discrimination.

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4
Q

subdue [səbˈduː]

The sturdy forelimbs of Quetzalcoatlus could have helped it to subdue its prey when not in flight

A

1. to get control of (a violent or dangerous person or group) by using force, punishment, etc.

ex) Senior government officials admit they have not been able to subdue the rebels.

2. to get control of (something, such as a strong emotion)

ex) Julia had to subdue an urge to stroke his hair

1. 진압하다 2. 가라앉히다

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5
Q

afford

However, the protection afforded to traders who found themselves victims of the fraudulent imitation of their marks was scattered across different sources.

A

to give

ex) tree affords some shelter from the sun.

ex) music affords her pleasure

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6
Q

encumber [ ɪnˈkʌmbə(r) ]

Unencumbered by laws requiring that they cease work, older people in the early- and mid-nineteenth-century United States apparently labored until they chose to stop.

A

to make (someone or something) hold or carry something heavy

ex) When we forgive and develop these other positive emotions we become less encumbered by the scars of the past.

unencumbered:

1. not having any burden or impediment

ex) Anonymous posting enables honest expression, unencumbered by identity.

2. free of debt or other financial liability.

ex) It’s constant with our strategy acquiring unencumbered assets that typically need some investment in capital.

지장을 주다

hamper, hinder

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7
Q

inertia

The bank managers did not recognize the level of customer inertia in the consumer banking industry that arises from the inconvenience of switching banks.

A

1. lack of movement or activity especially when movement or activity is wanted or needed

ex) The organization is stifled by bureaucratic inertia

ex) I can’t seem to throw off this feeling of inertia.

2. (physics) the physical force that keeps something in the same position or moving in the same direction

활발하지 못함, 무력 ; (물리) 관성

inactivity

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8
Q

precursor [ priːˈkɜː.sər ]

After citing a precursor of a theory, the author outlines and refutes the theory, then links its flaw to the precursor.

A

a person or thing that comes before another of the same kind

ex) Biological research has often been a precursor to medical breakthroughs

forerunner, predecessor

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9
Q

seer [sɪr]

These writers’ faith in the imagination and in themselves as practitioners of imagination led them to conceive of the writer as a seer and enabled them to achieve supreme confidence in their own moral and metaphysical insights.

A

[literary] someone who predicts things that will happen in the future

ex) Unlike the visionary and the seer, the artist in pursuit of a new goal finds no subliminal apparatus ready to serve him

prophet, fortune teller

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10
Q

theology

A

the study of religion and religious belief

신학

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11
Q

scorn

n. Researchers greeted the proposal with scorn.

v. Several leading officers have quite openly scorned the peace talks.

A

n. a very strong feeling of no respect for someone or something that you think is stupid or has no value

v. to show scorn for someone or something

Scorn: Openly ridiculing or mocking something deemed unworthy.

Contempt: Quiet, internalized disapproval with a sense of superiority.

Disdain: Detached and aloof disregard, often expressed passively.

Despise: Intense personal hatred or loathing for someone or something.

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12
Q

fledgling [ˈfledʒ.lɪŋ]

To protect certain fledgling industries, the government of country Z banned imports of the types of products those industries were starting to make.

A

1. a young bird that has grown feathers and is learning to fly

2. new and without experience

ex) The current economic climate is particularly difficult for fledgling businesses.

cf. full-fledged: fully developed

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13
Q

predicate v. [ˈpredɪkeɪt ]

This approach is predicated on a traditional hierarchical workplace with a top-down decision-making structure.

A

1. to say that something is true
ex) It would be unwise to predicate that the disease is caused by a virus before further tests have been carried out.

2. base something on
ex) Mergers predicated on scale often fail to yield promised efficiencies

(사실이라고) 단정하다; 특정 신조·생각·원칙에 …의) 근거를 두다, 입각하다

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14
Q

incipient [ɪnˈsɪp.i.ənt]

A symptom of the incipient decline of a society is its inability to produce what its own citizens regard as necessary for a reasonably prosperous life.

A

just beginning
ex) an incipient economic recovery

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15
Q

discern [dɪˈsɜːn]

Even if a substance in drinking water is a public health hazard, scientists may not have discerned which adverse health effects, if any, it has caused.

A

to see, recognize, or understand something that is not clear

ex) You need a long series of data to be able to discern such a trend.

Discern: Detecting something subtle or unclear through careful thought.

Distinguish: Noticing clear differences between two or more things.

Recognize: Realizing something is familiar based on prior knowledge or experience.

Spot: Quickly or unexpectedly noticing something that might be hard to see.

알아차리다

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16
Q

regimen [ˈredʒɪmən]

Many patients who take perxicillin experience severe side effects within the first few days of their prescribed regimen.

A

a plan or set of rules about food, exercise, etc., to make someone become or stay healthy

ex) After his heart attack the doctor put him on a strict regimen.

운동 및 식이 요법

17
Q

exhaust

The two hypotheses do not exhaust the possibilities regarding foration processes for sorted circles.

A

to use something completely

(If you have exhausted a subject or topic, you have talked about it so much that there is nothing more to say about it.)

ex) I’m afraid he’s exhausted my patience.

ex) I think we’ve exhausted that particular topic.

다 써 버리다 -> (어떤 주제에 대해) 샅샅이[철저히] 다루다

18
Q

parity [ ˈpærəti ]

It needed to be improved to attain parity with the service provided by competing banks.

A

equality, especially of pay or position

ex) Firefighters are demanding pay parity with police.

19
Q

provisional [ prəˈvɪʒənl ]

An arrest made by a Midville police officer is provisional until the officer has taken the suspect to the police station and the watch commander has officially approved the arrest.

A

existing or accepted for the present time but likely to be changed

ex) Supreme Court allows Pennsylvania to count contested provisional ballots, rejecting Republican plea

temporary

20
Q

discount

This year it is likely he finally will, since those who have discounted the possibility of a Bergeron candidacy have always pointed to the necessity of making financial disclosure as the main obstacle to such a candidacy.

A

to decide that something or someone is not worth considering or giving attention

ex) We cannot discount the possibility of further strikes.

Dismiss suggests quick rejection or ruling out.
Disregard implies ignoring deliberately or not giving attention.
Discount means undervaluing or minimizing significance or credibility

dismiss, disregard

21
Q

disinterested

Oral narratives are no more likely than are written narratives to provide a disinterested commentary on events or people.

A

not influenced by personal feelings, opinions, or concerns

ex) a banker is under an obligation to give disinterested advice

c.f. uninterested (= not interested)

objective, unbiased, impartial

22
Q

ramification [ ˌræmɪfɪˈkeɪʃn ]

the ramifications of political and social relations between women and men.

A

The ramifications of a decision, plan, or event are all its consequences and effects, especially ones which are not obvious at first.

ex) They didn’t foresee the financial ramifications of the policy change.

consequence, result, aftermath, outcome

23
Q

foreshadow [ fɔːrˈʃædoʊ ]

Given this failure, Duverger’s study foreshadowed the enduring limitations of the behavioralist approach to the multinational study of women’s political participation.

A

If something foreshadows an event or situation, it suggests that it will happen.

ex) Warren Buffett’s 8-Quarter Streak Appears to Foreshadow Trouble for Wall Street. For eight straight quarters, Buffett and his team have (almost certainly) sold more stock than they’ve purchased.

indicate, portend

24
Q

enduring [ ɪnˈdʊr.ɪŋ]

Given this failure, Duverger’s study foreshadowed the enduring limitations of the behavioralist approach to the multinational study of women’s political participation.

A

existing for a long time

ex) Opinion | Trump, Harris and the Enduring Symbolism of McDonald’s

ex) Russia’s Enduring Presence in the Middle East.
The Kremlin’s Middle East diplomacy is driven by its rivalry with the West, the imperative to defend deep-rooted Russian interests in the region, and a desire to project power and influence well beyond its periphery.

lasting, long-lasting