GMAT Flashcards
epithet [ ˈepɪθet ]
ex) Warao mourners also use irony as an effective verbal strategy: they may, for example, use mocking epithets in reference to high-ranking figures.
1. a word or phrase that describes a person or thing
ex) The film is long and dramatic but does not quite earn the epithet ‘epic’.
2. an offensive word or name that is used as a way of abusing or insulting someone
ex) Woman and child seen writing a racist epithet and lewd drawing at Highland Park Elementary School playground
discourse [ˈdɪs.kɔːrs ]
In one lament, for example, the singer offers her own positive interpretation of her deceased son’s behavior while characterizing community officials’ discussions of that behavior not as the authoritative discourse of leaders but as idle talk
the use of words to exchange thoughts and ideas
ex) He was hoping for some lively political discourse at the meeting.
blatant [ ˈbleɪtnt ]
It is unlikely that the book’s author suppressed as blatant fabrication any references Marco Polo might have made to the Great Wall.
You use blatant to describe something bad that is done in an open or very obvious way.
ex) Outsiders will continue to suffer the most blatant discrimination.
subdue [səbˈduː]
The sturdy forelimbs of Quetzalcoatlus could have helped it to subdue its prey when not in flight
1. to get control of (a violent or dangerous person or group) by using force, punishment, etc.
ex) Senior government officials admit they have not been able to subdue the rebels.
2. to get control of (something, such as a strong emotion)
ex) Julia had to subdue an urge to stroke his hair
1. 진압하다 2. 가라앉히다
afford
However, the protection afforded to traders who found themselves victims of the fraudulent imitation of their marks was scattered across different sources.
to give
ex) tree affords some shelter from the sun.
ex) music affords her pleasure
encumber [ ɪnˈkʌmbə(r) ]
Unencumbered by laws requiring that they cease work, older people in the early- and mid-nineteenth-century United States apparently labored until they chose to stop.
to make (someone or something) hold or carry something heavy
ex) When we forgive and develop these other positive emotions we become less encumbered by the scars of the past.
unencumbered:
1. not having any burden or impediment
ex) Anonymous posting enables honest expression, unencumbered by identity.
2. free of debt or other financial liability.
ex) It’s constant with our strategy acquiring unencumbered assets that typically need some investment in capital.
지장을 주다
hamper, hinder
inertia
The bank managers did not recognize the level of customer inertia in the consumer banking industry that arises from the inconvenience of switching banks.
1. lack of movement or activity especially when movement or activity is wanted or needed
ex) The organization is stifled by bureaucratic inertia
ex) I can’t seem to throw off this feeling of inertia.
2. (physics) the physical force that keeps something in the same position or moving in the same direction
활발하지 못함, 무력 ; (물리) 관성
inactivity
precursor [ priːˈkɜː.sər ]
After citing a precursor of a theory, the author outlines and refutes the theory, then links its flaw to the precursor.
a person or thing that comes before another of the same kind
ex) Biological research has often been a precursor to medical breakthroughs
forerunner, predecessor
seer [sɪr]
These writers’ faith in the imagination and in themselves as practitioners of imagination led them to conceive of the writer as a seer and enabled them to achieve supreme confidence in their own moral and metaphysical insights.
[literary] someone who predicts things that will happen in the future
ex) Unlike the visionary and the seer, the artist in pursuit of a new goal finds no subliminal apparatus ready to serve him
prophet, fortune teller
theology
the study of religion and religious belief
신학
scorn
n. Researchers greeted the proposal with scorn.
v. Several leading officers have quite openly scorned the peace talks.
n. a very strong feeling of no respect for someone or something that you think is stupid or has no value
v. to show scorn for someone or something
Scorn: Openly ridiculing or mocking something deemed unworthy.
Contempt: Quiet, internalized disapproval with a sense of superiority.
Disdain: Detached and aloof disregard, often expressed passively.
Despise: Intense personal hatred or loathing for someone or something.
fledgling [ˈfledʒ.lɪŋ]
To protect certain fledgling industries, the government of country Z banned imports of the types of products those industries were starting to make.
1. a young bird that has grown feathers and is learning to fly
2. new and without experience
ex) The current economic climate is particularly difficult for fledgling businesses.
cf. full-fledged: fully developed
predicate v. [ˈpredɪkeɪt ]
This approach is predicated on a traditional hierarchical workplace with a top-down decision-making structure.
1. to say that something is true
ex) It would be unwise to predicate that the disease is caused by a virus before further tests have been carried out.
2. base something on
ex) Mergers predicated on scale often fail to yield promised efficiencies
(사실이라고) 단정하다; 특정 신조·생각·원칙에 …의) 근거를 두다, 입각하다
incipient [ɪnˈsɪp.i.ənt]
A symptom of the incipient decline of a society is its inability to produce what its own citizens regard as necessary for a reasonably prosperous life.
just beginning
ex) an incipient economic recovery
discern [dɪˈsɜːn]
Even if a substance in drinking water is a public health hazard, scientists may not have discerned which adverse health effects, if any, it has caused.
to see, recognize, or understand something that is not clear
ex) You need a long series of data to be able to discern such a trend.
Discern: Detecting something subtle or unclear through careful thought.
Distinguish: Noticing clear differences between two or more things.
Recognize: Realizing something is familiar based on prior knowledge or experience.
Spot: Quickly or unexpectedly noticing something that might be hard to see.
알아차리다