GMAT Flashcards
What is the acronym for order of operations?
PEMDAS
What does the acronym PEMDAS stand for?
Parenthesis
Exponents
Multiplication and Division
Addition and Subtraction
Odd + Odd = ?
Even
Even + Even = ?
Even
Even + Odd = ?
Odd
Odd x Odd = ?
Odd
Even x Even = ?
Even
Even x Odd = ?
Even
Even + Even = ? Odd + Odd = ? Odd + Even = ? Even x Even = ? Odd x Odd = ? Odd x Even = ?
Even Even Odd Even Odd Even
An integer is divisible by 3 if…
Its digits add up to a multiple of 3.
An integer is divisible by 4 if…
Its last two digits are a multiple of 4.
An integer is divisible by 6 if…
It is divisible by both 2 and 3.
An integer is divisible by 9 if…
Is digits add up to a multiple of 9.
To find the greatest common factor, break down both integers into their ________ and ________ all the _______ they have in common.
Prime factorizations
Multiply
Prime factors
The _______ of a pair of integers is the largest factor they share.
Greatest common factor
Name the first 10 prime numbers.
2 3 5 7 11 13 17 19 23 29
The _______ of two or more integers is the smallest number that is a multiple of each of the integers.
Least common multiple
The 3 steps in determining the least common multiple of two integers:
- Determine the ______ of each integer.
- Write out each ______ the maximum number of times that it appears in any one of the ______ .
- ______ those _______ together.
Prime factorization Prime factor Prime factorizations Multiply Prime factors
2^2 x 2^15 = ?
2^17
4^8 / 4^3 = ?
4^5
(3^3)^4 = ?
3^12
5(sqrt(3)) - 3(sqrt(3)) = ?
2(sqrt(3))
6(sqrt(3)) x 2(sqrt(5)) = ?
12(sqrt(15))
sqrt(27) = ?
3(sqrt(3))
1/12 = ? %
8 1/3 %
1/8 = ? %
12 1/2 %
1/6 = ? %
16 2/3 %
3/8 = ? %
37 1/2 %
5/8 = ? %
62 1/2 %
5/6 = ? %
83 1/3 %
7/8 = ? %
87 1/2 %
11/12 = ? %
91 2/3 %
If you multiply or divide an inequality by a negative number…
Reverse the direction of the inequality.
Factor the following expression:
25x^2 - 9
(5x + 3) (5x - 3)
Factor the following polynomial:
36x^2 + 24x + 4
(6x + 2) (6x + 2) = (6x + 2)^2
Factor the following polynomial:
9x^2 - 18x + 9
(3x - 3) (3x - 3) = (3x - 3)^2
State the formula for speed.
Speed = Distance / Time S = D / T
State the formula for work.
T = (ab) / (a + b)
State the combination formula.
n! / (k! (n - k)!)
n = total number of items k = number of items in each subgroup
The n in the combination formula stands for…
The total number of items.
The k in the combination formula stands for…
The number of items in each subgroup.
If two lines are both perpendicular to a third line, the first two lines are ______ .
Parallel
Two angles are complementary if their measures sum to ______ .
90°
Two angles are supplementary if their measures sum to ______ .
180°
A line segment connecting any two nonadjacent vertices of a polygon.
Diagonal of a polygon
A polygon with sides of equal length and interior angles of equal measure.
Regular polygon
Figure out the sum of the interior angles of a polygon by dividing the polygon into ______ .
Triangles
A triangle with two equal sides, which are opposite two equal angles.
Isosceles triangle
The sum of the interior angles of any triangle is _____ .
180°
The three exterior angles of any triangle add up to ____ .
360°
The equation for the area of a triangle is…
A = 1/2 (base) (height)
Name 2 Pythagorean triples.
3: 4:5
5: 12:13
What is the ratio between the lengths of the sides of an isosceles right triangle (45°/45°/90°)?
x : x : x(sqrt(2))
What is the ratio between the lengths of the sides of a 30°/60°/90° right triangle?
x : x(sqrt(3)) : 2x
A line segment that joins two points on a circle.
Chord
The equation for the circumference of a circle is…
C = 2πr
The equation for the length of an arc of a circle with a central angle of n° is…
Arc length = (n/360) (circumference)
The equation for the area of a circle is…
A = πr^2
The equation for the area of a sector of a circle with a central angle of n° is…
Sector area = (n/360) (area of circle)
For data sufficiency questions about circles, how many measurements do you need to determine any other measurement?
One
A polygon is inscribed in a circle if…
All the vertices of the polygon lie on the circle.
A polygon is circumscribed about a circle if…
All the sides of the polygon are tangent to the circle.
State the formula for average speed.
Average Speed = Total Distance / Total Time
sqrt(3) x sqrt(10) = ?
sqrt(30)
sqrt(2) / sqrt(5) = ?
sqrt(2/5)
2^(-5) = ?
1/(2^5)
True or False:
sqrt(8) + sqrt(7) = sqrt(15)
False
The ____ ____ tense describes an event that took place at a specific time in the past, and is now over and done with.
Simple Past
The ____ ____ tense describes actions that started in the past and continue up to and into the present time.
Hawaii has been a state since 1959.
Present Perfect
The ____ ____ tense describes actions that happened a number of times in the past and may happen again in the future.
Italy has had many changes in government since World War II.
Present Perfect
The ____ ____ tense describes something that happened at an unspecified time in the past.
She has written a critical essay about Leni Riefenstahl.
Present Perfect
The ____ ____ tense describes past actions that were completed before other past actions. The more recent past even is expressed in the ____ ____ , and the earlier past even is expressed in the ____ ____ .
The Civil War had ended when Lincoln was shot.
Past Perfect
Simple Past
Past Perfect
The ____ ____ tense describes a future event that will take place before another future event.
By the time the next election is held, the candidates will have debated at least once.
Future Perfect
Finish the following negative connections:
neither … ____
no … ____
no … and ____
no, …. ____
Nor
Or
No
Nor
Use “like” to compare ____ ; use “as” to compare ____ .
Nouns
Actions
Many people associate the smell of vinegar ___ with coloring Easter Eggs.
With
The expert believes the painting ____ a fraud.
To be
I consider you ____ a very good friend.
[nothing]
The held a lively debate ____ whom to throw off the island.
Only applies when “debate” is used as a noun.
Over
John Major’s policies were not very different ____ those of Margaret Thatcher.
From
The dispute ____ how to read the punch cards was never properly resolved.
(Only applies when “dispute” is used as a noun.)
Over
I ate double what / twice as much as you did.
Twice
Those two theories contradict each other / one another.
Each other
Those three theories contradict each other / one another.
One another
I ate fewer / less hotdogs and fewer / less potato salad than I did at last year’s picnic.
Fewer
Less
Just as sand flows through an hourglass, ____ flow the days of our live.
So too
Louisiana’s legal system is modeled ____ the Napoleonic Code.
After
When a sentence has a neither… nor… subject, whatever follows neither / nor determines whether the verb is singular or plural.
Nor
The number of stars in our galaxy ____ huge.
Is
A number of guests ____ waiting in the foyer.
Are
My new game is so entertaining ____ genuinely addictive.
As to be
Name the 4 steps of the Critical Reasoning Method.
STEP 1: Read the questions stem and identify the question type
STEP 2: Untangle the stimulus
STEP 3: Predict the answer
STEP 4: Evaluate the choices
Name the 7 types of Critical Reasoning questions.
Assumption Strengthen / Weaken Evaluate Flaw Explain Inference Bolded Statement
Name the 3 parts of a GMAT argument.
Conclusion
Evidence
Assumption
____ Critical Reasoning questions ask you for a piece of support that isn’t explicitly stated but is necessary for the argument to remain valid.
Assumption
In a ____ Critical Reasoning question, the correct answer is the one that makes the author’s claim more likely to be true.
Strengthen
In a ____ Critical Reasoning question, the correct answer is the one that makes the author’s claim less likely to be true.
Weaken
In a ____ Critical Reasoning question, the correct answer will specify the kind of evidence that would help you judge the validity of the author’s argument.
Evaluation
____ Critical Reasoning questions ask what’s already wrong with the argument.
Flaw
Name the 2 categories of reasoning errors used in Flaw questions.
- Unsupportable shifts between the concepts in the evidence and conclusion
- Overlooked alternatives
____ Critical Reasoning questions present a seeming discrepancy. The correct answer will explain how the apparently contradictory facts could both be true.
Explain
A ____ Critical Reasoning question will present statements as evidence. The correct answer will be a valid inference that requires no assumption whatsoever - it will follow directly from the stimulus.
Inference
____ Critical Reasoning questions ask for the role that specific sentences play in an argument.
Bolded Statement
Identify the Critical Reasoning question type:
Which of the following, if true, provides the best support for the author’s position?
Strengthen
Identify the Critical Reasoning question type:
Which of the following is an assumption upon which the argument is based?
Assumption
Identify the Critical Reasoning question type:
If the above statements are true, they provide the best support for which of the following?
Inference
Identify the Critical Reasoning question type:
Which of the following points out a serious shortcoming in the author’s argument?
Flaw
Identify the Critical Reasoning question type:
Which of the following would be most useful to investigate for the purpose of determining the validity of xxxxx?
Evalution
Identify the Critical Reasoning question type:
Which of the following, if true, contributes most strongly to the point of view of those critical of the author’s position?
Weaken
Name the 5 steps in the Reading Comprehension Method.
STEP 1: Read the passage strategically. STEP 2: Analyze the question stem. STEP 3: Research the relevant text. STEP 4: Make a prediction. STEP 5: Evaluate the answer choices.
Name the 5 types of Reading Comprehension questions.
Global Detail Inference Logic "Other"
Any question that explicitly asks you to consider the passage as a whole is a ____ Reading Comprehension question.
Global
____ Reading Comprehension questions ask you to identify what the passage explicitly says.
Detail
____ Reading Comprehension questions ask you to find something that must be true based on the passage but that is not mentioned explicitly in the passage.
Inference
____ Reading Comprehension questions ask why the author does something; they ask for the purpose of a part of the passage.
Logic
Name 3 types of “Other” Reading Comprehension questions.
“Critical Reasoning”
Parallelism
Application
Identify the Reading Comprehension question type:
According to the passage, each of the following is true of xxxxxx except…
Detail
Identify the Reading Comprehension question type:
The author mentions xxxxx in order to…
Logic
Identify the Reading Comprehension question type:
The author’s primary objective in the passage is to…
Global
Identify the Reading Comprehension question type:
An appropriate title for the passage would be…
Global
Identify the Reading Comprehension question type:
Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the theory proposed by xxxxx?
“Other” - “Critical Reasoning”
Identify the Reading Comprehension question type:
The passage provides support for which of the following assertions about xxxxx?
Inference
Identify the Reading Comprehension question type:
The author would most likely agree with which of the following?
Inference
Name the 5 elements of a passage map.
Topic Scope Purpose Paragraph Summaries Paragraph Functions
In Reading Comprehension passages, the ____ will be the first big, broad idea that comes along.
Topic
In Reading Comprehension passages, the ____ is the narrow part of the topic that the author focuses on.
Scope
In Reading Comprehension passages, the ____ is what the author is seeking to accomplish by writing the passage.
Purpose
Which part(s) of the passage or passage map should you reference for Global questions?
Topic / Scope / Purpose
Which part(s) of the passage or passage map should you reference for Detail questions?
Research the text and look for key words
Common wrong answer traps for ____ Reading Comprehension questions include answers that misrepresent the scope or purpose and answers that focus too heavily on details.
Global
Common wrong answer traps for ____ Reading Comprehension questions include answers that distort the context or focus on the wrong details.
Detail
Common wrong answer traps for ____ Reading Comprehension questions include answers include extreme language or exaggerations, distortions of the passage’s meaning, or the exact opposite of what might be inferred.
Inference
A common wrong answer trap for ____ Reading Comprehension questions include answers that get the specifics right but the purpose wrong.
Logic
Name the 3 steps in the Sentence Correction Method.
STEP 1: Read the original sentence carefully, looking for errors.
STEP 2: Scan and group the answer choices.
STEP 3: Eliminate choices until only one remains.
In Cold Blood is often considered not only Truman Capote’s most popular novel ____ the first “nonfiction novel.”
But also
Alexander Graham Bell is credited ____ inventing the telephone.
With
Cigarette ads aimed ____ children have been banned by the FDA.
At
I must decide between one ____ the other.
And
People are forbidden from entering / to enter the park at night.
To enter
I would prefer a salty treat like / such as potato chips over / to a candy bar.
Such as
To
The rise in inflation has become so significant ____ constitute a threat to the economic recovery.
As to
Name the 4 steps of the Problem Solving Method.
STEP 1: Analyze the question.
STEP 2: State the task.
STEP 3: Approach strategically.
STEP 4: Confirm your answer.
Name 3 strategic approaches to Problem Solving questions.
Picking numbers
Backsolving
Estimating and Guessing
Name the 2 steps of the Data Sufficiency Method.
STEP 1: Analyze the question stem.
STEP 2: Evaluate the statements using 12TEN.
Name the 3 things you should accomplish while analyzing the question stem of a Data Sufficiency question.
- Determine the question type
- Simplify
- Identify what is needed to answer the question
Name the 2 types of Date Sufficiency questions.
Value
Yes/No
What does the (A) answer choice state for Data Sufficiency questions?
Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but Statement (2) is not sufficient.
What does the (B) answer choice state for Data Sufficiency questions?
Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but Statement (1) is not sufficient.
What does the (C) answer choice state for Data Sufficiency questions?
BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.
What does the (D) answer choice state for Data Sufficiency questions?
EACH statement ALONE is sufficient.
What does the (E) answer choice state for Data Sufficiency questions?
Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient.
Name 3 strategic approaches to Data Sufficiency questions.
Picking Numbers
Combining Statements
Strategic Guessing
Name the 2 steps in the Integrated Reasoning Method.
STEP 1: Analyze the information.
STEP 2: Approach strategically.
Name the 4 types of Integrated Reasoning questions.
Graphics Interpretation
Multi-Source Reasoning
Table Analysis
Two-Part Analysis
____ Integrated Reasoning questions contain a graph with accompanying text and two questions with incomplete sentences.
Graphics Interpretation
____ Integrated Reasoning questions present information (text, graphs, or tables) on two or three tabbed pages. Some questions will be in the standard multiple-choice format and others will be three-part multiple dichotomous choice questions.
Multi-Source Reasoning
____ Integrated Reasoning questions contain a table, a paragraph of text that describes it, and one three-part multiple dichotomous choice question.
Table Analysis
____ Integrated Reasoning questions consist of a few lines of text and instructions to select choices in a table based on the given information. They may test quantitative or verbal skills.
Two-Part Analysis
Name the 3 categories of Verbal questions.
Sentence Correction
Reading Comprehension
Critical Reasoning
Name the 2 categories of Quantitative questions.
Problem Solving
Data Sufficiency
Name the 3 special cases that serve as advanced strategies for Critical Reasoning questions.
Causality
Representativeness
Plans, Proposals, and Predictions
A ____ argument is an assertion that a certain cause produced a certain effect.
Causal
Causal conclusions often appear in ____ Critical Reasoning questions.
Weaken
Name the 3 patterns to consider when asked to weaken a causal argument in a Critical Reasoning questions.
Alternative Explanation
Causality Reversed
Coincidence
When arguments include evidence in the form of surveys, studies, polls, anecdotes, or experiments, a key issue is often the _____ of the group used as evidence.
Representativeness
What is the average amount of time you should spend on a Sentence Correction question?
1 minute
What is the average amount of time you should spend on a Critical Reasoning question?
2 minutes
What is the average amount of time you should spend reading a Reading Comprehension passage?
4 minutes
What is the average amount of time you should spend on a Reading Comprehension question after reading the passage?
1.4 minutes
What is the average amount of time you should spend on any Quantitative question?
1.9 minutes
Name the 5 steps in the Analytical Writing Method.
STEP 1: Take apart the argument. STEP 2: Select the points you will make. STEP 3: Organize using the essay template. STEP 4: Write the essay. STEP 5: Proofread.
What is the average amount of time you should spend on the first step of the Analytical Writing Method?
2 minutes
What is the average amount of time you should spend on the second step of the Analytical Writing Method?
5 minutes
What is the average amount of time you should spend on the third step of the Analytical Writing Method?
0.75 minutes
What is the average amount of time you should spend on the fourth step of the Analytical Writing Method?
20 minutes
What is the average amount of time you should spend on the fifth step of the Analytical Writing Method?
2 minutes
What should the first paragraph of the Analytical Writing essay contain?
Show that you understand the argument by putting it in your own words. Assert that it relies too heavily on assumptions.
What should the second paragraph of the Analytical Writing essay contain?
Point out one flawed assumption in the author’s reasoning; explain why it is questionable.
What should the third paragraph of the Analytical Writing essay contain?
Identify another source of the author’s faulty reasoning; explain why it is questionable.
What should the second-to-last paragraph of the Analytical Writing essay contain?
Describe evidence that would - if it were provided - strengthen the argument.
What should the last paragraph of the Analytical Writing essay contain?
Conclude - in one sentence - that without such evidence, you’re not persuaded.
Name the three situations in which the present perfect tense is used.
- Actions and states that started in the past and continue up to the into the present.
- Actions and states that happened a number of times in the past and may happen again in the future.
- Something that happened at an unspecified time in the past.
