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1
Q

What is the period of the Pious Caliphs known for?

A

The era of the Pious Caliphs is known for the spread of Islam and the establishment of the Islamic state.

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2
Q

What principles is Islam based on?

A

Islam is based on the universal principles of peace, equality, justice, and tolerance.

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3
Q

Who were the Rightly Guided Caliphs?

A

The Rightly Guided Caliphs are known as the Khulafa-al-Rashideen.

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4
Q

Name the four Pious Caliphs.

A
  • Hazrat Abu Bakr
  • Hazrat Umar
  • Hazrat Uthman
  • Hazrat Ali
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5
Q

What title was given to Hazrat Abu Bakr and what does it mean?

A

Hazrat Abu Bakr was given the title Al-Siddiq, meaning ‘the truthful.’

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6
Q

In which year was Hazrat Abu Bakr elected as the first Khalifa?

A

Hazrat Abu Bakr was elected as the first Khalifa in 632 CE.

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7
Q

What challenges did Hazrat Abu Bakr face during his rule?

A

Hazrat Abu Bakr faced challenges such as tribal rebellions and refusal to pay zakat.

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8
Q

How did Hazrat Abu Bakr deal with uprisings?

A

Hazrat Abu Bakr dealt with uprisings with a firm yet gentle approach and unified the Arabs under his leadership.

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9
Q

What significant military action did Hazrat Abu Bakr undertake?

A

Hazrat Abu Bakr sent an army led by Hazrat Khalid bin-Waleed to defeat Musaylima al-Kazzab.

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10
Q

What administrative changes did Hazrat Abu Bakr implement?

A

Hazrat Abu Bakr divided the Muslim territory into provinces, each headed by a governor.

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11
Q

What was a major contribution of Hazrat Abu Bakr to the Muslim community?

A

The collection and compilation of the verses of the Quran into a single volume.

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12
Q

What characterized Hazrat Umar’s rule?

A

Hazrat Umar’s rule was characterized by the expansion of Islam beyond the Arabian Peninsula.

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13
Q

What title was given to Hazrat Umar and what does it mean?

A

Hazrat Umar was given the title Al-Farooq, meaning ‘the one who distinguishes right from wrong.’

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14
Q

What system did Hazrat Umar create during his rule?

A

Hazrat Umar crafted a system of administration that could survive anywhere and at any time in the world.

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15
Q

Fill in the blank: Hazrat Umar was known for his ______ nature.

A

[just]

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16
Q

What was one of Hazrat Umar’s significant policies regarding government officials?

A

He ordered that a record be kept of all officials and soldiers to ensure accountability.

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17
Q

What system was introduced to maintain civil order?

A

Civil policing system

This system was introduced alongside various welfare projects to improve social well-being.

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18
Q

Who divided the Muslim state into provinces?

A

Hazrat Umar

Hazrat Umar divided the Muslim state into provinces led by governors.

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19
Q

What were the provinces further divided into?

A

Districts

Each district was led by a Wali.

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20
Q

What types of projects were funded during Hazrat Umar’s reign?

A

Development projects

These included the construction of canals, digging wells, and building houses.

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21
Q

What are some notable achievements of Hazrat Umar?

A
  • Building fleets for the Muslim army
  • Law making
  • Diplomacy
  • Civil building works
  • Free trade
  • Welfare for the poor

His achievements remain unmatched in history.

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22
Q

Which important places came under Muslim rule during Hazrat Umar’s reign?

A
  • Persia
  • Syria
  • Jerusalem
  • Egypt

These regions came under Muslim rule during his leadership.

23
Q

What significant military achievements occurred during 634-636 CE?

A

Simultaneous defeat of Roman and Persian armies

The conquest of Jerusalem in 637 CE was also notable.

24
Q

What was Hazrat Umar known for among historians in the West?

A

His humble conduct

This was particularly noted when he entered the conquered city of Jerusalem.

25
What did Hazrat Umar refuse to do inside the church of Jerusalem?
Pray inside the church ## Footnote He believed it might lead future generations to convert the church into a mosque.
26
Who was responsible for Hazrat Umar's assassination?
A disgruntled Persian slave named Feroz ## Footnote He was stabbed while leading Fajr prayers in 644 CE.
27
What was established during Hazrat Umar's reign regarding the courts?
Independence of the courts ## Footnote Even the caliph could not overturn any ruling made by the courts.
28
Who succeeded Hazrat Umar as the third Caliph of Islam?
Hazrat Uthman ibn 'Affan ## Footnote He took office at the age of sixty-eight.
29
What title was Hazrat Uthman given and what does it mean?
'Ghani' which means 'the generous one' ## Footnote His generosity and piety earned him great regard.
30
What characterized Hazrat Uthman's lifestyle despite his wealth?
He lived a simple life ## Footnote His exceptional business practices shaped his administration as Caliph.
31
What regions did the Islamic Empire expand into during Hazrat Uthman's reign?
* Persia * Armenia * North Africa * Parts of the East ## Footnote The empire continued to expand significantly during his leadership.
32
What territories did the Islamic Empire expand into during the caliphate?
Persia, Armenia, North Africa, parts of the eastern Mediterranean ## Footnote This expansion occurred under the leadership of Caliph Uthman.
33
What financial policy did Caliph Uthman implement in conquered territories?
Increased taxation ## Footnote The revenue was used for public buildings and salaries.
34
How did Uthman's regulations impact markets during his rule?
Markets were regularly inspected and the weight and prices of goods were regulated ## Footnote This contributed to increased trust and growth in cities.
35
What is a key legacy of Hazrat Uthman's rule?
Standardization of the Holy Quran ## Footnote Uthman commissioned the compilation of the Quran to prevent variations in readings.
36
What caused the unrest during Uthman's rule?
Dissatisfaction with governance and administration ## Footnote This unrest ultimately led to Uthman's martyrdom in 656 CE.
37
Who succeeded Hazrat Uthman as the fourth Caliph?
Hazrat Ali ## Footnote Ali was the cousin of the Prophet Muhammad and had been a close companion.
38
What significant administrative change did Hazrat Ali make during his caliphate?
Moved the capital from Madinah to Kufa in Iraq ## Footnote This move centralized governance in the Muslim empire.
39
What policies did Hazrat Ali follow during his rule?
He followed the administrative policies and government style of Hazrat Umar ## Footnote Ali maintained strict oversight on governors and officials.
40
What was Hazrat Ali known for regarding state funds?
Careful not to waste state funds and used them wisely for the people ## Footnote His administration aimed to uphold social values and justice.
41
What social values did Hazrat Ali emphasize during his rule?
Justice and social welfare ## Footnote He implemented strict rules against nepotism and provided grants for those in need.
42
What military achievements occurred during Hazrat Ali's rule?
Muslim armies advanced into Tripoli and aided Cyprus ## Footnote By 661 CE, they had reached the Caspian Sea and modern Afghanistan.
43
What infrastructure developments occurred under Hazrat Ali's leadership?
Building of water courses, wells, roads, and planting of trees ## Footnote These developments were aimed at benefiting the conquered lands.
44
True or False: Hazrat Ali was known for his kindness towards non-Muslims.
True ## Footnote His compassionate policies inspired many to embrace Islam.
45
Fill in the blank: The era of the _____ Caliphate came to an end with the passing of Hazrat Ali.
Pious ## Footnote Ali's death marked a significant transition in Islamic leadership.
46
What was built for the benefit of the people?
Water courses, wells, and roads ## Footnote These constructions were aimed at improving infrastructure and access to resources.
47
What was employed for the people's protection?
A police force ## Footnote This indicates a structured approach to maintaining law and order.
48
What military efforts were arranged during the Umayyad Dynasty?
Funds were arranged for the construction of new barracks ## Footnote This reflects on the military organization and expansion efforts.
49
Who was stabbed while praying in Kufa?
Amir Muawiya ## Footnote This event highlights the political tensions during the Umayyad period.
50
What happened to Amir Muawiya two days after being stabbed?
He passed away ## Footnote His death marked a significant point in the Umayyad leadership.
51
When did the Umayyad Dynasty exist?
661-750 CE ## Footnote This period was marked by significant territorial expansion.
52
What did the Arabs begin during the second period of conquest?
Aiming to conquer new territories ## Footnote This reflects the aggressive expansionist policies of the Umayyad Dynasty.
53
Fill in the blank: The Arabs realized their aim to conquer when the ______ took the city.
Arab forces ## Footnote This emphasizes the military success of the Arabs during this period.
54
True or False: The Umayyad Dynasty was established in North Africa.
True ## Footnote The Umayyads expanded their influence into North Africa as part of their conquests.

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