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Pharmacognosy > GLYCOSIDES & TANNINS > Flashcards

GLYCOSIDES & TANNINS Flashcards

1
Q

Glycosides occurs in what form in plants

A

Beta form

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2
Q

Components of glycosides and activity

A

Glycone : inactive form as vehicle

Aglycone : active form, genin basis for classification

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3
Q

Unsaturated steroidal aglycone tests:

A

Liebermann-Burchard : + blue/green, yellow for saturated

Salkowski’s test : +red/violet

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4
Q

2 deoxy sugar glycone test

A

Keller Killani : +reddish brown

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5
Q

Bufadienolides are

A

Inactive & Rare

C-24 doubly unsaturated 6 membered lactone ring

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6
Q

Cardenolides

A

Common & active

C-23 a & b unsaturdated 5-membered lactone ring

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7
Q

Cardiac glycoside from digitalis

A

Digoxin - water

Digitoxin - lipid

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8
Q

Aka Lily of the Valley

Source of convallatoxin

A

Convallaria

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9
Q

Aka dogbane

Source of cymarine

A

Apocynum

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10
Q

Aka xmas rose

Source of hellebrin

A

Black hellebore

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11
Q

Aka pheasant’s eye

Source of adonitoxin

A

Adobis

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12
Q

3 components of strophantus

A 
K strophantin (good)
G strophantin (bad)
Oubain (toxic)
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13
Q

Glycosides which contain anthracene: aglycone

A

Anthraquinone glycosides

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14
Q

Id test for anthraquinone glycosides and derivative color

A

Borntranger’s Test

+ orange

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15
Q

Constituents of cascara sagrada (rhamnus purshianus)

A

Cascarosides A&B - optical isomer of barbaloin

Cascarosides C&D - optical isomer of chrysaloin

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16
Q

Purified mix of anthranil & glycoside

A

Lane’s pill or casanthol

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17
Q

Constituents of aloe used for burn & cathartic

A

Aloe emodin & barbaloins

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18
Q

Therapeutic rhubarb or Chinese rhubarb

A

Rheum officinale

Rheum palmatum

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19
Q

Ornamental or Indian/Himalayan rhubarb

A

Rheum emodi

Rheum webbianum

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20
Q

Derivative color of senna

Constituents

A

Blue green

Sennosides A,B,C,D

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21
Q

Only anthraquinone glycoside not used as cathartic instead as keratolytic

A

Chrysarobin

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22
Q

Used to extract chrysarobin from Andira araroba

A

Hot benzene

23
Q

Forms 2cm froth upon shaking, sternutatory, fish poison

A

Saponins

24
Q

Used to increase beer foam

A

Glycyrrhiza or licorice

25
Q

Contains a diosgenin for glucocorticoid

A

Dioscorea spiculiflora

26
Q

Contains steroidal diosgenin

A

Dioscorea floribunda

27
Q

Contains amygdalin (water + amygdalase)

A

Cyanophoic or Cyanogenic Glycosides

28
Q

Mixture of amygdalase + prunase

A

Emulsin

29
Q

Id test for cyanogenic glycosides

A

Guignard’s test + brick red

30
Q

Contains laetrile or vit b17 for sickle cell anemia

A

Bitter almond or prunus amygdalus

31
Q

Gluconapinisothiocyanate glycosides came from

A

Rapeseed (brassica napus)

32
Q

Gluconasturtiin isothiocyanate glycoside came from

A

Watercress (nastatium officinale)

33
Q

Test for isothiocyanate glycoside

A

Fehling’s test + blood red (non volatile)
Odor test: mustard smell (volatile)
Garlic (allicin)

34
Q

Sinigrin source

A

Brassica nigra or black mustard

35
Q

Sinalbin source

A

Brassica alba or white mustard

36
Q

Flavonol glycosides from citrus fruits and soya

A

Rutin & Hesperidin - vit P permeability factors for capillary bleeding

37
Q

Flavonol glycoside for common cold

A

Hesperitin, Diosmin & Naringen

38
Q

A hepatoprotective flavonol glycoside from milk thistle

A

Silibinin & silymarin

39
Q

Alcohol glycoside from salix purpurea and salix fragilis

A

Salicin

40
Q

Tests for alcohol glycoside

A

Fehling’s +red
Nessler’s + gray
Tollen’s + silvermirror
Schiff’s + recolorization

41
Q

Aldehyde glycoside from vanilla planifolia

A

Vanillin

42
Q

Phenol glycoside from arctostaphylos urva ursi as astringen & diuretic

A

Arbutin

43
Q

Contains uroshiol which cause contact dermatitis

A

Poison ivy or poison oak

44
Q

A lactone glycoside from dried insect Catharis besicatoria or Russian Fly

A

Cantharides

45
Q

Causes priaprism or sustained erection

A

Cantharides or cantharidin

46
Q

Photosynthesizing furocoumarins from Bishop’s flower (ammi majus)

A

Psoralens (lactone glycoside)

47
Q

Polypeptides unable to crystallize

Protein precipitant found in leaves or barks

A

Tannins

48
Q

Local sources of tannins

A

Guava, Kamachile (pithecolobium dulce) and duhat (syzigium cumini)

49
Q

+ in Goldbeater’s test

A

True Tannins

50
Q

Readily hydrolyzed tannins that yield phenolic acid and sugar
Leather is bloom
Blue black FeCl test
- Bromine Test

A

Hydrolyzable Tannins

51
Q

Aka condensed tannin
From condensation of catechin and leucocyanidin
Polymerize to phlobatannileather is tanners red
Green black FeCl
+ Bromine Test

A

Non-hydrolyzable tannins

52
Q

Negative Goldbeater’s test

Ex. are hamamelis leaf, nutgall & japanese gall

A

Pseudotannins

53
Q

Obtained from plant Quercus infectoria when insect Cynips tinctoria bores hole & lays ovum

A

Gallic + Ellagic = Tannic Acid from Nutgall (GET)

54
Q

Component of Japanese/Chonese gall

A

Gallic acid

Pharmacognosy (3 decks)

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