Glycolysis/Fermentation Flashcards
Both lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation produce:
NAD+ from NADH and H+
The electron transport chain of aerobic respiration does what?
Pumps protons into the space between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes.
The starting substance of the Krebs Cycle, which is regenerated at the end of the cycle is:
Oxaloacetic Acid (pyruvic acid and acetyl CoA)
Define glycolysis
Biochemical pathway in which one molecule of glucose is oxidized to two molecules of purification acid
Define the mitochondrial matrix
The space inside the inner membrane of a mitochondrion
Define the Krebs cycle
Biochemical pathway that breaks down acetyl coenzyme A, producing carbon Dioxide, hydrogen, and ATP
What reactions of aerobic respiration occur in the inner mitochondrial membrane?
Electron Transport Chain in the inner mitochondrial membrane
How is the structure of a mitochondria well adapted for the activities it carries out?
They segregate the enzymes and reactants of the Krebs Cycle, facilitating the reactions they participate in. The folding of the inner mitochondrial membrane provides a large surface area for the molecules of the electron transport chain. The area between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes provides a confined space in which protons can accumulate, driving chemiosmosis.
Define FAD
(Flavones Adenine Dinucleotide) molecule that accepts electrons during redox reactions
The Krebs cycle produces:
Two molecules of carbon dioxide
Why are the fermentation pathways referred to as “anaerobic” pathways?
These pathways can operate in the absence of oxygen.
What are the energy-containing products of glycolysis?
ATP, NADH, pyruvic acid
Where does glycolysis take place?
In the cytosol
Equation for complete oxidation of glucose in aerobic respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
Define cellular respiration
Process in which cells make ATP by breaking down organic compounds
During glycolysis, glucose is:
Partially broken down and some of its energy is released
Define alcoholic fermentation
Anaerobic pathway in which pyruvic acid is is converted into ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide
Of what importance are lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation to the cells that use these pathways?
These pathways regenerate NAD+, which the cells can use to keep glycolysis going to make more ATP in the absence of oxygen.
Very important!!
The vitamin niacin is in essential component of NAD+. Niacin can be consumed in food or manufactured in the body from tryptophan, an amino acid. How would a person’s ability to break down glucose through glycolysis be affected if the person’s diet were deficient in both niacin and tryptophan?
Without niacin or the ability to make it, the person would be deficient in NAD+. Since NAD+ is used in step 3 of glycolysis, glycolysis would be inhibited.
Define aerobic respiration
The set of pathways in cellular respiration that require oxygen to break down pyruvic acid
Describe stages of fermentation.
Glucose
|
Glycolysis
|
Pyruvic Acid
| |
Lactic Acid Ferm. Alcoholic Ferm.
| |
Lactate Ethyl Alcohol
The breakdown product of glucose that diffuses into mitochondrial matrix for further breakdown is:
Pyruvic acid
Define lactic acid fermentation
Anaerobic pathway in which pyruvic acid is converted into lactic acid
The efficiency of glycolysis is approximately:
2%
