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LDSCI211 (Biochem 1) > Glycolysis > Flashcards

Glycolysis Flashcards

1
Q

what is the major energy source for most organisms

A

glucose

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2
Q

is glycolysis anaerobic or aerobic?

A

anaerobic

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3
Q

where does glycolysis occur?

A

in the cytosol

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4
Q

what are the 2 phases?

A
  1. preparatory phase (uses ATP)

2. payoff phase (produces ATP and NADH)

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5
Q

overall glycolysis reaction?

A

glucose + 2ADP + 2NAD+ + 2Pi –> 2pyruvate + 2ATP + 2NADH + 2H20

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6
Q

What is the net output of glycolysis?

A

2pryuvate
2ATP
2NADH
2H20

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7
Q

what is the input of glycolysis?

A

glucose
2adp
2nad+
2Pi

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8
Q

what percentage of energy capture is in glycolysis?

A

5% (because no oxygen)

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9
Q

how much energy is in the complete oxidation of glucose?

A

28040kJ/mol

deltaGprimenaught = -2840kJ/mol

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10
Q

final products of the preparatory phase?

A

2 dihydroxyacetone phosphate + 2 Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate + 2 ADP

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11
Q

final products of the payoff phase?

A

2 pyruvates + 4ATP + 2NADH + 2H+

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12
Q

what is normal blood glucose in blood?

A

4-5mM

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13
Q

what inhibits hexokinase?

A

high levels of G6P

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14
Q

how many ATP are used in prep phase?

A

2

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15
Q

how many ATP are produced in payoff phase?

A

4

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16
Q

how many NADH + H+ are produced in payoff?

A

2

17
Q

what is the goal of the preparatory phase?

A

to make the stable glucose molecule unstable

this allows breaking c-c bonds

18
Q

how much energy is in a c-c bond?

A

approx 400kJ/mol

19
Q

which are the two ATP forming reactions?

A

1,3-bisphosphoglycerate–>3-phosphoglycerate
enzyme:phosphoglycerate kinase

and

phosphoenolpyruvate–>pyruvate
enzyme:pyruvate kinase

20
Q

Describe the reaction of:
glucose –>G6P

Describe the inhibition of hexokinase

A

glucose –> glucose-6-phosphate by hexokinase

produces 1 ADP

negative deltaG (spontaneous)

inhibited by high levels of G6P (negative feedback)

Glucokinase: a glucose sensor in liver,brain,pancreas,intestine. Regulated by Glucokinase regulatory protein (GKRP).

low glucose –> GKRP binds with GK
high glucose–>fructose-6-phosphade production –> F6P binds to GKRP –> releases GK back to the cytosol

21
Q

enzyme that catalyzes 2nd step G6P –> F6P

A

phosphohexose isomerase

22
Q

describe the 3rd step

A

enyme: phosphofructokinase-1

reaction itself is not favourable, but is favourable when coupled with ATP hydrolysis

ATP is an allosteric regulator of PFK1: ATP binds to PFK1 –> reduces affinity for F6P –>reduces enzyme activity

23
Q

Is ADP and AMP allosteric inhibitors or activators in the 3rd step?

A

activators

ADP and AMP signals lack of ATP

24
Q

is ATP an allosteric inhibitor or activator with hexokinase?

A

inhibitor

25
Q

will the 3rd step (phosphofructokinas-1) be faster when [ATP] is low or high?

A

faster when [ATP] is low

slower when high

26
Q

which enzyme is inhibited by ATP?

A

phosphofructokase-1

LDSCI211 (Biochem 1) (8 decks)

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