Glycolysis Flashcards
What type of reaction is catalyzed by phosphofructokinase?
Phosphoryl transfer
Where does the citric acid cycle take place?
The citric acid cycle (Krebs’ cycle) occurs within the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells.
How many turns of the Krebs cycle does it take to completely oxidize 1 glucose?
Two turns since glycolysis normally produces 2 pyruvate.
What must be present for both the Krebs cycle and the electron transport system to function?
Oxygen
What is the maximum number of ATPs you can get from 1 mole of glucose?
38
Where does the Krebs cycle and the electron transport reactions occur?
In the mitochondria
Excluding any products of glycolysis or the electron transport system, what are the final products of a single turn of the Krebs cycle?
4 NADH, 1 FADH, and 1 ATP.
If the electron transport system isn’t working, how many ATPs can glycolysis and the Krebs cycle produce?
4 ATP
If glycolysis is working correctly and the Krebs cycle and electron transport system are not used, what are the final products produced?
2 ATP, 2 NADH, and 2 Pyruvate
What type of reaction is catalyzed by glyceraldehyde- 3 phosphate dehydrogenase?
Phosphoryl transfer
What type of reaction is catalyzed by phosphoglucose isomerase?
Isomerization
What type of reaction is catalyzed by phosphoglycerate kinase?
Phosphoryl transfer
What is the starting product for the Kreb’s cycle and what compound is necessary for its formation?
AcetylCoA which is formed from pyruvate.
What type of reaction is catalyzed by hexokinase?
Phosphoryl transfer
What is oxidative phosphorylation?
Oxidative phosphorylation describes a series of electron transfers that lead to the formation of adenosine triphosphate. Oxidative phosphorylation is responsible for about 90% of all oxygen consumed in the body.
What type of reaction is catalyzed by pyruvate kinase?
Phosphoryl transfer
What type of reaction is catalyzed by aldolase?
Aldol cleavage
What type of reaction is catalyzed by enolase?
Dehydration
What type of reaction is catalyzed by phosphoglycerate mutase?
phosphoryl shift
What is a phosphoryl shift reaction?
A reaction in which a phosphoryl group is shifted from one oxygen atom to another within a molecule by a mutase.
How many ATP will one NADH generate?
3 ATP
What type of reaction is catalyzed by triose phosphate isomerase?
Isomerization
What two enzyme reactions in glycolysis require ATP to function (meaning that they use up ATP)?
Hexokinase and phosphofructokinase
What is an isomerization reaction?
A reaction involving the conversion of a ketose to an aldose, or vice versa, by an isomerase.
What is a phosphoryl transfer reaction?
A reaction in which a phosphoryl group is transferred from ATP to a glycolytic intermediate, or from the intermediate to ADP by a kinase. Note: dehydrogenase also is a phosphoryl transfer even though it doesn’t end in kinase.
What two enzyme reactions in glycolysis are responsible for generating ATP?
Phosphoglycerate kinase and pyruvate kinase
What is a dehydration reaction?
A reaction involving the removal of water by a dehydratase. (Enolase)
How many ATP does a single FADH produce?
2 ATP
