Glycolysis

Question 1

Where does this happen and under what conditions?

Answer 1

Glucose is broken down into pyruvate in the cytoplasm
It is both an aerobic and anaerobic process (no oxygen required)

Question 2

What happens in phosphorylation?

Answer 2

2 ATP molecules add 2 phosphates to a glucose molecule and it becomes phosphorylated.
This ACTIVATES glucose, making a HEXOSE BISPHOSPHATE molecule.

Question 3

What happens in lysis?

Answer 3

Hexose bisphosphate is unstable so splits into two GP molecules.

Question 4

What happens in the oxidation of GP?

Answer 4

DEHYDROGENASE ENZYMES remove a hydrogen atom from each GP (oxidation)
2 x NAD accepts these atoms and becomes reduced NAD (move to the inner mitochondrial membrane to make ATP).
Each phosphate group on GP is added to ADP, producing 4 ATP molecules - each GP molecules : 2 ATPs.
This is substrate level phosphorylation.
The removal of phosphates and hydrogen atoms produces 2 PYRUVATE molecules.

Question 5

Products of glycolysis

Answer 5

2 ATPS (4 are made but net gain of only ATP molecules as 2 were used in phosphorylating gluose (adding phosphates)
2 reduced NAD
2 pyruvate molecules