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FND 600 > Glycolysis > Flashcards

Glycolysis Flashcards

1
Q

Glucose –> Glucose-6-phosphate

A

Start: Glucose
End: G6P

Enzymes: Hexokinase/Glucokinase

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2
Q

In the liver glucokinase removes glucose from the _____

A

hepatic portal vein (due to glucokinase, the liver does not need insulin)

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3
Q

In the _____ glucokinase stimulates ____ secretion along with calcium

A

Pancreas; insulin

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4
Q

Glucose-6-Phosphate → Fructose-6-Phosphate

A

Starting Compound: Glucose-6-phosphate
Ending Compound: Fructose-6-phosphate

Enzyme: Phosphohexose Isomerase

Isomers

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5
Q

Fructose-6-Phosphate → Fructose 1, 6-bisphosphate

A

Starting Compound: Fructose-6-phosphate
Ending Compound: Fructose 1, 6-bisphosphate

Enzyme: Phosphofructokinase
Requires ATP

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6
Q

Fructose 1, 6-bisphosphate → Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate + Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

A

Starting Compound: Fructose 1, 6-bisphosphate

Ending Compounds: Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate + Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

Enzyme: Aldolase

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7
Q

Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate → Glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate

A

Starting Compound: Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate
Ending Compounds: Glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate

Enzyme: Triose Phosphate Isomerase

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8
Q

Gyceraldehyde-3 phosphate → Bisphosphoglycerate

A

Starting Compound: Gyceraldehyde-3 phosphate

Ending Compounds: Bisphosphoglycerate

Enzyme: Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase

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9
Q

Bisphosphoglycerate → 3-Phosphoglycerate

A

Starting Compound: Bisphosphoglycerate

Ending Compound: 3-Phosphoglycerate

Enzyme: Phosphoglycerate Kinase
ATP formed

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10
Q

3-Phosphoglycerate → 2-Phosphoglycerate

A

Starting Compound: 3-Phosphoglycerate
Ending Compounds: 2-Phosphoglycerate

Enzyme: Phosphoglyceromutase

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11
Q

2-Phosphoglycerate → Phosphoenolpyruvate

A

Starting Compound: 2-Phosphoglycerate

Ending Compounds: Phosphoenolpyruvate

Enzyme: Enolase

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12
Q

Phosphoenolpyruvate → Pyruvate

A

Starting Compound: Phosphoenolpyruvate
Ending Compounds: Pyruvate

Enzyme: Pyruvate Kinase
ATP Formed

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13
Q

5 Tissues Producing Lactate under Anaerobic Conditions (Downing (anaerobic) on the SMS. RBG)

A

Skin
Skeletal Muscle

Retina
Brain
GI Tract

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14
Q

Describe the three irreversible reactions of glycolysis.

A

a. Hexokinase
b. Phosphofructokinase
c. Pyruvate Kinase

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15
Q

Explain the connection between glycolysis and the TCA cycle.

A

Pyruvate made in the cytosol (via glycolysis)

travels in mitochondria (where TCA cycle takes place) and

becomes acetyl-coA via pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.

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16
Q

Increased_____ (makes acetyl-CoA) decreases _____ and pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (end products inhibit the cycle from continuing

A

Beta oxidation; glycolysis

17
Q

Describe the possible connection between fructose consumption and development of obesity

A

Fructose bypasses hexokinase/glucokinase and phosphofructokinase (irreversible reactions) (glycolysis not as regulated)

i. This leads to quicker metabolism of fructose and more acetyl-CoA & pyruvate production.

Which then promotes lipogenesis (fat synthesis, leading to weight gain and potentially obesity)

18
Q

Lactic Acidosis

A

i. Impaired activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase (needs thiamin as a co-enzyme) (can be caused by alcoholism or inherited pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency)

 Converts pyruvate to acetyl-coA
 Without thiamin, pyruvate accumulates and converts to lactate.

19
Q

Muscle Phosphofructokinase

A

i. Phosphofructokinase needed to convert fructose-6-phosphate → fructose 1,6-bisphosphate.

ii. Lipids can be used as alternative fuel source.

20
Q

Hemolytic Anemia

A

i. Inherited aldolase A and pyruvate kinase deficiency.

ii. Aldolase A needed to convert fructose 1,6-bisphosphate → dihydroxyacetone phosphate OR glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.

iii. Pyruvate Kinase is needed to convert phosphoenolpyruvate → Pyruvate.

21
Q

Pyruvate Kinase Purpose

A

Catabolism of phosphoenolpyruvate to form pyruvate

22
Q

RBCs unable to complete glycolysis (hemolytic anemia)

A
  • abnormal, premature destruction by spleen
  • destroyed RBC = bilirubin release = jaundice
  • severe anemia = enlarges spleen

FND 600 (8 decks)

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