Glycolysis

Question 1

Nucleus

Answer 1

Nucleic acid synthesis

Question 2

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 2

Delivery of proteins and synthesis of lipids for membranes

Question 3

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 3

Sorting and secretion of some proteins

Question 4

Cytosol

Answer 4

Fatty acid synthesis, glycolysis, most gluconeogenesis reactions, pentose phosphate pathway

Question 5

Mitochondrion

Answer 5

Citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, fatty acid breakdown

Question 6

Glycolysis—

Answer 6

Cytosol, degrades glucose

Question 7

Citric Acid Cycle—

Answer 7

Mitochondrion, major common oxidative path

Question 8

Oxidative Phosphorylation—

Answer 8

Inner mitochondrial membrane couples electron flow to E

Question 9

Pentose Phosphate Pathway—

Answer 9

Cytosol, reducing power and ribose-5-phosphate

Question 10

Gluconeogenesis—

Answer 10

Synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources

Question 11

Glycogen—

Answer 11

Synthesis for fuel storage, mobilize for glucose restoration

Question 12

Stage I of Glycolysis

Answer 12

Trap glucose in the cell; form a compound that can be cleaved into phosphorylated 3C units

Question 13

Glucokinase (Hexokinase IV)

Answer 13

High Km means only works when glucose concentration is high, provides G-6-P for glycogen synthesis (liver)

Question 14

PFK1 inhibited by

Answer 14

High levels of ATP; lowered pH (excess lactate); citrate

Question 15

PFK1 activated by

Answer 15

fructose-2,6-bisphosphate

Question 16

PFK2

Answer 16

Can make F-2,6-BP from F-6-P and degrade back

Controlled by hormone effects (low glucose) (triggers phosphorylation of PFK2)

Question 17

Low F-2,6-BP means

Answer 17

Low PFK1 activity (conserves glucose)

Question 18

When glucose is abundant (Liver)

Answer 18

F-6-P levels high, stimulates dephosphorylation of PFK2, more F-2,6-BP made, stimulates PFK1 so glucose is used up in glycolysis

Question 19

When glucose is abundant (Heart)

Answer 19

F-6-P levels high, stimulates dephosphorylation of PFK2, less F-2,6-BP made, slows glycolysis

Question 20

Stage II of Glycolysis

Answer 20

Split the molecule and conserve energy

Question 21

First example of substrate level phosphorylation

Answer 21

Step 7

Question 22

Stage III of Glycolysis

Answer 22

Generate ATP, essentially from energy of breaking 6C into two 3C

Question 23

Second example of substrate level phosphorylation

Answer 23

Step 10

Question 24

Net Reaction of Glucose

Answer 24

2 molecules of ATP produced

2 molecules of NAD+ reduced to NADH

Question 25

Irreversible Steps of Glycolysis

Answer 25

1, 3, 10

Question 26

When ATP is needed

Answer 26

Glycolysis is activated

Question 27

When ATP levels are sufficient

Answer 27

Glycolysis activity decreases