Glycolysis

Question 1

what is the overall reaction?

how much ATP does 1 full reaction produce?

What do these tissues do in the FED state?

muscle
liver
brain
adipose tissue

What do these tissues do in EXERCISE?

muscle
liver
brain

Answer 1

1 glucose into 2x pyruvate (3C structure)

2x pyruvate (12.5x2) 2x NADH (2.5x2) and 2xATP = 32 ATP

1. glycolysis increases & fatty acid breakdown decreases
2. increases glycolysis and glycogenesis (store glucose as glycogen) & fat synthesis (form pyruvate)
3. uses glucose as fuel
4. stores excess glucose & increases glucose uptake & glycolysis (to also store excess fat)
5. glucose taken from blood for glycolysis, glycogen stores broken down & lactate increases
6. breaks down glycogen into glucose for release in blood for muscles
7. uses glucose fuel

Question 2

What do these tissues do in the FASTING state?

liver
muscle
adipose tissue
brain

What do these tissues do in the STARVATION state?

liver
muscle
adipose tissue
brain
kidneys

why is glycolysis unique?

Answer 2

1. glycogen breaks down & gluconeogenesis (converting non-carbs into glucose) increases
2. partially inhibit glycolysis (glucose -> pyruvate) & use fat, breakdown of protein to release AA into blood as fuel
3. fats broken down & release products into blood
4. still uses glucose
5. glycogen depleted so increases gluconeogenesis so ketone body formation increases
   (increased ketogenesis from fatty acids)
6. inhibit glycolysis- uses/breaks down fat & uses ketone bodies (made from liver)
7. breaks down fat into blood for liver -> ketone bodies
8. uses ketone bodies
9. liver can stop gluconeogenesis & kidneys do it instead

doesn’t require O2 or mitochondria (except for in citric acid cycle)