glycogenesis Flashcards
1
Q
- What is the stored form of glucose in animals?
A
Glycogen
2
Q
- Where is glycogen primarily stored?
A
Liver, Muscle
3
Q
- What is the function of liver glycogen?
A
Maintain blood glucose levels
4
Q
- What is the function of muscle glycogen?
A
Provide ATP for muscle contraction
5
Q
- Why is glycogen preferred over fat for energy?
A
Rapid mobilization, anaerobic energy production, brain glucose supply
6
Q
- What is the process of glycogen synthesis called?
A
Glycogenesis
7
Q
- Where does glycogenesis occur in the cell?
A
Cytosol
8
Q
- What energy molecules are required for glycogenesis?
A
ATP, UTP
9
Q
- Which enzyme converts glucose to glucose-6-phosphate in muscle?
A
Hexokinase
10
Q
- Which enzyme converts glucose to glucose-6-phosphate in liver?
A
Glucokinase
11
Q
- Which enzyme converts glucose-6-phosphate to glucose-1-phosphate?
A
Phosphoglucomutase
12
Q
- What is the activated form of glucose used in glycogenesis?
A
UDP-glucose
13
Q
- Which enzyme synthesizes UDP-glucose?
A
UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase
14
Q
- What acts as a primer for glycogen synthesis?
A
Glycogen or Glycogenin
15
Q
- Which protein can initiate glycogen synthesis without a primer?
A
Glycogenin
16
Q
- Which amino acid in glycogenin accepts glucose?
A
Tyrosine
17
Q
- Which enzyme initiates glycogen synthesis?
A
Glycogen initiator synthase
18
Q
- Which enzyme forms α-1,4 linkages in glycogen?
A
Glycogen synthase
19
Q
- What is the role of glycogen synthase?
A
Extend glycogen chains
20
Q
- Which enzyme forms branches in glycogen?
A
Glucosyl 4-6 transferase
21
Q
- What type of bond is formed in glycogen branching?
A
α-1,6 glycosidic bond
22
Q
- What is another name for the branching enzyme?
A
Amylo α-1,4 → α-1,6 transglucosidase
23
Q
- How does glycogen branching benefit its function?
A
Increases solubility, speeds up breakdown and synthesis
24
Q
- What is the overall reaction for adding one glucose to glycogen?
A
Glucose + 2ATP → Glycogen + 2ADP + Pi
