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MSK Anatomy > Gluteal Region, Posterior Thigh & Popliteal Fossa; Hip & Knee Joint > Flashcards

Gluteal Region, Posterior Thigh & Popliteal Fossa; Hip & Knee Joint Flashcards

1
Q

Inguinal Ligament

A

ASIS to pubic tubercle

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2
Q

Roughed pit in femur head & ligament it holds

A

Fovea - ligamentum teres

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3
Q

Adductor tubercle

A

Femur - posterosuperior to medial epicondyle

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4
Q

Gerdy’s tubercle

A

Tibia - boney projection on lateral condyle

- gives attachment to the IT band

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5
Q

Function of labrum

A

fibrocartilaginous rim

  • attached to margin of acetabulum to make it deeper
  • helps inh olding the head of the femur in position
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6
Q

3 capsular ligaments around hip joint

+ round ligament that attaches to head of femur @ fovea - function!

A

iliofemoral ligament - anterior
pubofemoral ligament - anterior
ischiofemoral ligament - posterior

ligamentum teres femoris - transmits arteries to head of femur

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7
Q

Components of knee joint

A

femoropatellar component

femorotibial components x 2 (M & L)

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8
Q

Lateral collateral ligament

- attachments, function

A

Fibular collateral ligament

  • lateral epicondyle of femur -> head of fibula
  • maintain side-to-side stability of joint
  • bursa between this ligament & joint capsule

lateral meniscus -> synovial membrane -> popliteus tendon -> joint capsule -> bursa -> fibular collateral ligament

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9
Q

Medial collateral ligament

- attachments, function

A

Tibial collateral ligament

  • medial epicondyle of femur to medial surface of shaft of tibia
  • maintain side-to-side stability of joint
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10
Q

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

A

anterior part of intercondylar area of tibia -> lateral condyle of femur
- maintains anterior stability of knee joint

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11
Q

Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)

A

posterior part of intercondylar area of tibia -> medial condyle of femur
- maintains posterior stability of knee joint

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12
Q

Medial meniscus

A
  • semicircular

- peripheral margin adherent to deep part of tibial collateral ligament

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13
Q

Lateral meniscus

A
  • almost circular
  • popliteus tendon, joint capsule & bursa separates the meniscus from fibular collateral ligament
  • more mobile
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14
Q

knee bursa

A

prepatellar busa
deep infrapatellar bursa
superficial infrapatella bursa

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15
Q

Gluteal muscles - Superficial & Deep + others

A

Superficial: Gluteus maximus, Gluteus medius, Gluteus minimus
Deep: piriformis
Other: tensor fascia lata

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16
Q

Gluteus maximus

A

Insertion: femur - posterior IT band & tensor fascia lata (upper fibers), gluteal tuberosity (lower)

  • Inferior gluteal nerve (L5-S2)
  • Inferior gluteal artery
  • Hip extension
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17
Q

Gluteus medius & minimus

A

Insertion: femur - greater trochanter

  • Superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)
  • Superior gluteal artery
  • Hip abduction
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18
Q

Tensor fascia lata

A

on upper lateral side of thigh

  • Superior gluteal nerve (L5 - S2)
  • medial rotation of hip
  • IT band acts as its tendon
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19
Q

Piriformis

A

Deep gluteal muscle

Insertion @ greater trochanter

  • sacral plexus (branch)
  • lateral rotation (of hip)
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20
Q

Fascia Lata

A

Deep fascia of thigh - tough fibrous sheath that invests the entire thigh like a sleeve

  • thickened laterally = iliotibial tract (IT band)
  • IT band splits in upper region: invests the tensor fascia lata & acts as its tendon
21
Q

Posterior Thigh Muscles (Hamstrings)

A

Semimembranosus, semitendinosus, biceps femoris (long & short head)

  • sciatic nerve
  • knee flexion
22
Q

Semimembranosus (medial)

- Hamstrings

A

@ medial tibial condyle

  • sciatic nerve
  • knee flexion + internal rotation
23
Q

Semitendinosus (medial)

- Hamstrings

A

@ medial tibial tuberosity

  • sciatic nerve
  • knee flexion + internal rotation
24
Q 
Biceps Femoris (lateral)
- Hamstrings
A

@ head of fibula & lateral condyle of tibia

  • long head & short head
  • sciatic nerve
  • knee flexion + external rotation
25
Q

Sciatic Nerve (L4, L5, S1, S2, S3)

A

Goes through the greater sciatic foramen -> enters gluteal region -> enters back of thigh @ lower border of gluteus maximus -> runs down to popliteal fossa

  • splits into tibial & common fibular nerve
  • innervates posterior thigh/hamstrings
26
Q

Sacral plexus (L4, L5, S1, S2, S3, bit of S4)

What are the 4 main components & muscles that they innervate?

A
  • Sciatic Nerve (L4-S3) - hamstrings (semimembranosus, semitendinosus, biceps femoris)
  • Superior gluteal nerve (L4 - S1) - gluteus medius & minimus, tensor fascia lata
  • Inferior gluteal nerve (L5 - S2) - gluteus maximus
  • nerve branches of deep gluteal muscles - piriformis muscle
27
Q

Superior gluteal nerve

A

enters gluteal region through greater sciatic foramen - passing ABOVE piriformis, with superior gluteal artery
- supplies gluteus medius & minimus, tensor fascia lata

28
Q

Inferior gluteal nerve

A

enters gluteal region through greater sciatic foramen - passing BELOW piriformis, with inferior gluteal artery
- supplies gluteus maximus

29
Q

Origin of superior & inferior gluteal arteries

A

Internal iliac artery

30
Q

arterial supply of posterior thigh

A

perforating branches of deep femoral artery

- from external iliac artery -> common femoral -> deep femoral

31
Q

3 branches of deep femoral artery

A
  • medial femoral circumflex artery
  • lateral femoral circumflex artery
  • perforating branches (posterior thigh/hamstrings)
32
Q

origin of popliteal artery

A

superficial femoral artery

- external iliac artery -> common femoral -> superficial femoral

33
Q

Popliteal fossa contents

A
  • popliteal artery & vein
  • tibial nerve
  • common fibular (peroneal) nerve
  • popliteal lymph nodes & fat

From medial to lateral: A, V, N (x2)

34
Q

Innervation - Hip adduction

A

L2, L3

35
Q

Innervation - Hip abduction

A

L5, S1

36
Q

Innervation - Hip flexion

A

L2, L3

37
Q

Innervation - Hip extension

A

L5, S1

38
Q

Innervation - Knee extension

A

L3, L4

39
Q

Innervation - Knee flexion

A

L5, S1

40
Q

Innervation - foot inversion

A

L4, L5

41
Q

Innervation - foot eversion

A

L5, S1

42
Q

Innervation - dorsiflexion (ankle)

A

L4, L5

43
Q

Innervation - plantar flexion (ankle)

A

S1, S2

44
Q

L2, L3

A

Hip adduction, hip flexion

45
Q

L5, S1

A

Hip abduction, Hip extension
Knee flexion
Foot eversion

46
Q

L3, L4

A

Knee extension

47
Q

L4, L5

A

Foot inversion

Ankle dorsiflexion

48
Q

S1, S2

A

Ankle plantar flexion

MSK Anatomy (1 decks)

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