Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MD2002 - week 6 onwards > gluteal region and thigh > Flashcards

gluteal region and thigh Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 4 gateway of the pelvic gridle?

A
  1. sciatic nerve and gluteal neurovascular bundle
  2. internal pudendal neurovascular bundle
  3. obturator neurovascular bundle
  4. femoral neurovascular bundle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

gluteal region (buttock)

  1. how is the gluteal region superiorly and inferiorly bounded?
  2. what makes up the gluteal region?
  3. what the groups of gluteal muscles are involved in the gluteal region?
A
  1. it is bounded superiorly by the iliac crest and
    inferiorly by the fold of the buttock.
  2. it is largely made up of the gluteal muscles
    and a thick layer of superficial fascia.

3.
- Extensors of the hip joint (gluteus maximus)
- Abductors of the hip joint (gluteus medius and minimus)
- Rotators of the hip joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

gluteal muscles
1. what are the three gluteal muscles?

  1. what group are the considered in?
A
  1. Gluteus maximus, medius and minimus
  2. External rotators of the thigh
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

gluteal maximus:
1. what is the gluteus maximus?

  1. what are the functions of the gluteus maximus?
  2. where do the deep and superficial fibre insert?
  3. what is the function of the iliotibial tract?
A
  1. the gluetus maximus is the prime extensor of the hip
    • from standing up from a sitting position, climbing stairs
      - externally roates, abducts and adduct the femur
  3. the deep fibres insert on gluteal tuberosity and the superficial fires insert on the iliotibial tract
  4. the iliotibial tract allows extension and locking of the knee
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

gluteus medius + minimus
1. what does the gluteus medius lie deep to and where does the gluteus minimus lie deep to?

  1. what is their function?
  2. what other two muscles aid the gluteus medius and minimus in their movement?
  3. where are the abductors of the thigh positioned?
  4. what are the abductors function?
A
  1. Gluteus medius lying deep to gluteus maximus, and gluteus minimus lying deep to gluteus medius
  2. They are the abductors of the thigh
  3. Tensor fascia latae and Gluteus maximus, which attach to the iliotibial tract, also aids gluteus medius and minimus in hip abduction
  4. The abductor muscles are those which pass from the pelvis to the femur, lying lateral to the sagittal axis of the hip joint
  5. abductors keep the pelvis level when walking or standing on one leg
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

gluteal muscles:
what are the four gluteal muscles?

what are their origins?

what are their insertions?

what is the innervation rule of all gluteal muscles?

when do the the abductors work and keep the pelvis level?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

lateral rotators of the thigh
1. what is the position of the lateral rotators of the thigh?

  1. what are the 6 lateral rotator muscles
  2. what is their function?
A
  1. a group of muscles that pass from the pelvis to the femur, lying close to and posterior to the hip joint
  2. pisiform, superior gemellus, obturator internus, inferior gamellus, quadratus femoris and obturator externus
  3. they stabilise the joint and laterally rotate the femur to keep the foot pointing forwards during walking
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the course of the sciatic nerve?

A

the sciatic nerve emerges into the gluteal region inferior to piriformis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

where is a intragluteal injection performed?

where is the safe area for intramuscular injections?

A
  1. an intragluteal injection midway between ischial tuberosity and the greater trochanter
  2. the safe area for intramuscular injections is the upper, outer quadrant
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

flexors of the thigh:
1. what is the positioning for the flexors of the thigh?

  1. what are the 6 main flexors of the thigh?
  2. which two make up the iliopsoas?
  3. which two flex the hip as well as act on the knee joint?
  4. where do the iliacus and psoas major pass through?
A
  1. Muscles that pass from the pelvis to the femur, anterior to the transverse axis of the hip joint will flex the thigh
  2. illiacus, psoas major, rectus femoris, sartorius, pectineus, tensor fascia latae
  3. the illiacus and psoas major make up the iliopsoas - the most powerful flexor of the hip
  4. sartorius and rectus femoris flex the hip and also act on the knee joint
  5. the illiacus and psoas major pass through the muscular compartment of the retro-inguinal space into the femoral region, along with the femoral nerve
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

flexors of the thigh:

what are the 6 flexors of the thigh?

what are their origins?

what are their insertions?

what is the innervation?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

compartments of the thigh:
1. how are muscles separated?

  1. what are the three compartments?
A
  1. muscles in the thigh are separated into three compartments by layers of deep fascia
  2. these are:
    - medial (adductor) compartment
    - anterior (extensor) compartment
    - posterior (flexor) compartment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

posterior compartment of thigh:
1. what is the positioning of the muscles within the posterior compartment of the thigh?

  1. where do the ischiocrural (hamstring) muscles extend?
  2. what three muscles make up the hamstrings and what do they do?
A
  1. they are muscles which pass from the pelvis to the lower limb, posterior to the transverse axis of the hip joint which will extend the thigh
  2. ischiocrural (hamstring) muscles extend between the ischial tuberosity and the leg, spanning 2 joints
  3. biceps femoris, semitendinosus and semimembranosus
    - they extend the hip out but also flex the leg, they extend the body is the thigh is fixed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

extensors of the thigh:
what are the 5 extensors of the thigh

what are the origins of these muscles?

what are the insertions of these muscles?

what are all the hamstring muscles innervated by?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

medial compartment of the thigh:
1. what muscles are within the medial compartment of the thigh?

  1. how does the sciatic nerve run through the medial compartment?
A

adductor magnus
adductor longus
adductor brevis
gracilis

  1. the sciatic nerve descends between the adductor magnus and biceps femoris
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

adductors of the thigh:
what are the 6 adductor muscles of the thigh?

what are their origins?

what are their inserions?

what are they innervated by?

A
17
Q

anterior compartment of thigh:
1. what do muscles within this compartment do?

  1. what are the 4 muscles within this compartment?
  2. what are they innervated by?
A
  1. muscles in the anterior compartment either flex the hip or extend the knee
  2. quadriceps femoris, sartorius, iliopsoas, pectineus
  3. they are all supplied by the femoral nerve except the iliopsoas
18
Q

extensors of the knee:
1. what is the main extensor of the knee joint:

  1. what 4 muscles make up the quadriceps femoris?
  2. what does the knee joint stability depend upon?
A
  1. quadriceps femoris is the main extensor of the knee joint
    • rectus femoris (acts on both hip and knee joints)
      - vastus intermedius
      - vastus medialis
      - vastus lateralis
  3. knee joint stability is hugely dependent upon quadriceps
19
Q

extensors of the knee:
- what are the extensors of the knee?

  • what are the origins?

what are the inserions?

what is the innervation?

A
20
Q

flexors of the knee:
- what are the 7 flexor muscles of the knee?

A
  1. biceps femoris
  2. semitendinosus
  3. semimembranosus
  4. gastrocnemius
  5. gracillis
  6. sartorius
  7. plantaris (very weak)
21
Q

pes anserinus:
1. what is the pes anserinus?

  1. where to the tendons pass?
  2. what are the 2 functions?
A
  1. common attachment of sartorius, gracilis and semitendinosus on tibia
  2. tendons pass posterior to the transverse axis of rotation of the knee
  3. it flexes the knee and adds significant dynamic stability to the medial side of the knee
22
Q

knee reflex
1. how is the knee reflex tested?

  1. what does this examination test?
  2. what spinal segments are involved in the knee reflex?
A
  1. the knee reflex is tested via a deep tendon reflex which is elicited by tapping the patellar ligament (patellar tendon and quadriceps tendon)
  2. this tests the femoral nerve
  3. L3 and L4 are involved in this knee reflex
23
Q

femoral triangle
1. what are the borders of the femoral triangle?

  1. what makes up the floor medially and laterally of the femoral triangle?
  2. what is the roof of the femoral triangle?
  3. what does the femoral sheath enclose?
  4. what does the femoral triangle contain?
A
  1. it is bounded by the inguinal ligament (base), the sartorius muscle laterally, and the adductor longus muscle medially
  2. the floor medially: pectineus, the floor laterally: iliopsoas
  3. the rood is made up of the fascia lata, subcutaneous tissue and skin
  4. the femoral sheath encloses the femoral artery and vein but not the femoral vein
  5. it contains femoral vessels and branches of the femoral nerve, opening of the great saphenous vein and deep inguinal lymph node. the femoral artery is at risk in groin lacerations
24
Q

femoral canal:
1. what is it and what structures is it between?

  1. what is the femoral sheath?
  2. what does it contain?
  3. what does it allow?
  4. what is the base of the canal (opening)?
A
  1. the femoral canal is a short and conical space between the medial wall of the femoral sheath and the femoral vein
  2. the femoral sheath is the continuation of the abdominal transversalis fascia
  3. it contains deep inguinal lymph nodes
  4. it allows the femoral vein to expand
  5. the base of the canal is the femoral ring which is a weak area and can often lead to a femoral hernia
25
Q

femoral ring:
1. what is the femoral ring?

  1. how is it bound: anteriorly/medially/laterally/posteriorly?
  2. what occurs in a femoral hernia?
  3. what happens if a femoral hernia is left untreated
A
  1. it is the opening of the femoral canal at the abdominal side
  2. it is bounded:
    - anteriorly by the medial part of the inguinal ligament
    - Medially by the lacunar ligament
    * Laterally by the septum between the femoral canal and vein
    * Posteriorly by Pectineus muscle and fascia (superior ramus of the pubis)
  3. the femoral ring is a common site for femoral hernias, in which there is a protrusion of abdominal viscera through the femoral ring and into the femoral canal
  4. if untreated, the abdominal viscera (commonly parts of the small intestine) can undergo necrosis, especially as a result of strangulation of the tissue due to the surrounding femoral ring and lacunar ligament boundary
26
Q

adductor canal:
1. what is the adductor canal also known as?

  1. where does the adductor canal start?
  2. where does it end?
  3. what enters it?
  4. what are the 3 boundaries: anterolaterally/posteriorly/anteromedially?
A
  1. Hunter’s or Subsartorial canal
  2. it starts at the inferior corner of the femoral triangle
  3. it ends at the adductor hiatus, on adductor magnus
  4. femoral vessels and saphenus nerve enters:
    - Saphenus nerve pierces anteromedial wall and becomes superficial
    – Femoral vessels enter popliteal fossa through adductor hiatus
    • vastus medialis (anterolaterally)
      - adductor longus and adductor magnus (posteriorly)
      - sartorius (anteromedially)

MD2002 - week 6 onwards (36 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions