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Micro last plus one anatomy 5 > gluteal region > Flashcards

gluteal region Flashcards

1
Q

what is different in terms of timing when it comes to lower and upper limb development

A

lower limb develops a week after upper (4th and 5th week)

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2
Q

where do you begin to see the lower limb buds? upper limb buds? what is located on the superior aspect of these buds?

A

lower limb- L2-S2
upper- C5-T1
big toes and the thumbs

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3
Q

what occurs to the upper and lower limbs in the 7th week of gestation?

A
  • upper limb rotates laterally around its axis

- lower rotates medially- continues even post birth-explains why baby feet meet sole to sole

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4
Q

what accounts for the barber-pole pattern of the cutaneous innervation (dermatome pattern) of the limbs?

A

the rotation of the limbs in utero

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5
Q

where do the hip bones meet anteriorly and posteriorly

A

anteriorly at the pubic symphysis and posteriorly at the sacroiliac joint (meets with sacrum)

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6
Q

when do the ilium, ischium and pubis fuse

A

at the end of teen yrs

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7
Q

what two bones the hip bones articular with

A

sacrum and femur

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8
Q

what comprises the pelvic girdle? how does the bony pelvis differ?

A
  • the pelvic girdle is the two hip bones together

- bony pelvis includes sacrum and coccyx

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9
Q

what it the largest of the three parts of the hip and describe some of its characteristics

A
  • ilium

- ala- wing, attachment side for gluteal muscles laterally and iliacus on the medial side

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10
Q

what part of the acetabulum does the ilium make up?

A

the superior 2/5

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11
Q

what part of the lumbar spines does the line between the anterior superior iliac spine to the posterior superior iliac spines go thru?

A

L4-5

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12
Q

what is the attachment site for the posterior sacroiliac ligament

A

posterior inferior iliac spine

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13
Q

what comprises the posterior 2/5 of the acetabulum

A

the ischium

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14
Q

what are the two parts of the ischium

A

-body (consists of all the good stuff IT’s etc) and the ramus(consists of just the ramus

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15
Q

at the bottom of the ischium, what two things come together to fuse the pubis with the ischium

A

the ichial ramus and the inferior ramus of the pubis to form the ischiopubic ramus

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16
Q

what fraction of the acetabulum does the pubis make up?? what are the three main parts of the pubis

A
  • 1/5

- three parts- body, superior ramus and inferior ramus

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17
Q

what part of the pubis fuses with the ischium and the ilium within the acetabulum

A

superior ramus of the pubis

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18
Q

what is the greater sciatic foramen formed of? what is ita a passageway for?

A
  • made up of the
    1) sacrospinous ligament- ligament that goes from sacrum to the spine of the ischium
    2) sacrotuberous ligament- ligament from the sacrum to the IT
    3) greater sciatic notch
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19
Q

what muscles traverses the greater sciatic foramen? Nerves and vessels?

A
  • piriformis
  • internal pudendal vessels and nerve
  • sciatic nerve
  • posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
  • nerve to quadratus femoris and inferior gemellus
  • nerve to the obturator internus and superior gemellus
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20
Q

what makes up the lesser sciatic foramen?

A
  • formed by lesser sciatic notch and the sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments
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21
Q

what structures traverse the lesser sciatic foramen

A

1) the tendon of the obturator internus
2) internal pudendal vessels and pudendal nerve
3) nerve to the obturator internus

22
Q

the gluteal muscles are split into superficial and deep. what are the superficial muscles comprised of? what are their primary fxn?

A
  • gluteus max, med, min- mainly extensors and abductors of the thigh
23
Q 
gluteus max:
origin
insertion
action
nerve
blood supply
A

origin- (CISS my gluteus max): coccyx, ilium, sacrotuberous ligament, sacrum

insertion- (TI loves butts) gluteal tuberosity and iliotibial tract

action-extend and laterally rotate thigh, rising from sitting position and running

nerve- inferior gluteal

blood supply- superior and inferior gluteal arteries

24
Q 
Gluteus medius
origin
insertion
action
nerve
blood supply
A

origin- ilium between anterior and POSTERIOR gluteal line
insertion- greater trochanter
action- abduction and medial rotation of thigh; along with gluteus min, stops the hip from sagging on the unsupported side
nerve- superior gluteal
blood supply- superior gluteal

25
Q 
gluteus minimus
origin
insertion
action
nerve
blood supply
A

origin- ilium between the anterior and INFERIOR gluteal lines
insertion- greater trochanter
action- abduction and medial rotation- stops the hip from sagging on unsupported side with the glut. med
nerve- superior gluteal
blood supply- superior gluteal

26
Q

what’s a positive trendelenburg sign?

A
  • damage to superior gluteal nerve
  • would cause blockage of innervation to the glut med/min
  • waddling gait, high stoppage gait and swing out gait
27
Q

what comprises the deep layer of the gluteal muscles

A

4 things-

piriformis, obturator internus, inferior gemellus, quadratus femoris

28
Q 
piriformis 
origin-
insertion-
nerve-
action-
location-
A 
origin-anterior surface of the sacrum
insertion- greater trochanter (gluteal and pelvic regions)
nerve-S1-2
action-lateral rotation of the thigh
location is right under the glut min
29
Q 
obturator internus
origin-
insertion-
nerve-
action-
location
A

origin- obturator membrane surrounding bone
insertion:-greater trochanter- LEAVES PELVIS THRU THE LESSER SCIATIC FORAMEN
nerve-nerve to the obturator internus (L5, S1-2)
action- lateral rotation of the thigh, extension, abduction of flexed thigh
location- right under the superior gemellus and over the inferior gemellus

30
Q 
superior gemellus
origin-
insertion-
nerve-
action-
location
A

origin- ischial spine
insertion- tendon of obturator internus
nerve-nerve to the obturator internus (L5, S1-2) (same as obturator internus)
action-lateral rotation of thigh, extension,. abduction of flexed thigh (same as obturator internus)
location- above obturator internus

31
Q 
inferior gemellus
origin- 
insertion-
nerve-
action-
location
A

origin- ischial tuberocity
insertion-tendon to the obturator internus
nerve-nerve to the quadratus femoris (L5, S1) (like QF)
action- lateral rotate thigh (like QF)
location -under the obturator internus

32
Q 
quadratus femoris 
origin-
insertion-
nerve-
action-
location
A 
origin- ischial tuberocity
insertion- interotrocanteric crest 
nerve- nerve to the quadratus femoris (L5-S1)
action-laterally rotate the thigh
location- under the inferior gemellus
33
Q

the sacral plexus is the lower part of the ____ and is covered by branches from what artery

A

lumbosacral plexus- ventral primary rami (L4-5,s1-4)

internal iliac artery

34
Q

where does the major part of the plexus lie? what foramen does do the large branches of the sacral plexus pass thru to get to the gluteal regions

A

on top of the piriformis

they pass thru the greater sciatic foramen

35
Q

what is the sacral plexus made up of

A

-ventral primary rami of the

36
Q

where do the S1-4 nerves enter the pelvis thru?

A

the sacral formina

37
Q

what do they nerves of the sacral plexus supply the muscles and skin of?

A

gluteal region

the posterior thigh and the entire leg and foot

38
Q

__to__ divisions of the sacral plexus give rise to anterior and posterior divisions

A

L4-S4

39
Q

*what are the posterior divisions of the sacral plexus?

A

posterior- common peroneal, superior gluteal, inferior gluteal, posterior femoral cutaneous, nerve to the piriformis

40
Q

*what are the anterior divisions of the sacral plexus?

A

QPLOT:

  • N. to quadratus femoris
  • Pudendal n
  • Nerve to the levator ani
  • N. to obturator internus
  • Tibial nerve
41
Q

What is different about the superior gluteal nerve than all other nerves of the sacral plexus

A
  • it exists the pelvis thru the greater sciatic foramen like all of them BUT DOES SO OVER THE PIRIFORMIS VS UNDER
42
Q

what spinal levels is superior gluteal? what would injury to the superior gluteal cause?

A

L4-S1

injury- probs with tensor fasciae latae muscles and glut medius and minimus

43
Q

inferior gluteal levels? injury?

A

L5-S2

injury gluteus max

44
Q

sciatic nerve levels? what two nerves does it give rise to? what would injury to the sciatic nerve cause?

A

L4-S3
largest branch of the plexus
gives rise to Tibial and common peroneal
injury will not cause any injury to the gluteal region

45
Q

what levels are the tibial and common peroneal

A

tibial L4-5, S1-4

common peroneal L4-5, S1-2

46
Q 
what levels are the 
posterior femoral cutaneous-
nerve to quadratus femoris-
nerve to the obturator internus-
pudendal nerve-
A

posterior femoral cutaneous- S1-S3- post. div sacral plexus
nerve to quadratus femoris- L4-S1 -ant div
nerve to the obturator internus-L5-S2
pudendal nerve-(near superior gemellus) -S2-4

47
Q

what does the cutaneous innervation of the gluteal region

A

superior cuneal- dorsal primary rami
medial cuneal- dorsal
inferior cuneal-ventral

48
Q

what arteries supply the muscles of the gluteal region and what major artery do they stem off of and where do they enter the gluteal region

A
  • they stem off of the internal iliac artery and enter the gluteal region via GREATER sciatic foramen
  • superior gluteal artery- glut max, med, min plus tensor facia lata
  • inferior gluteal- glut max and short lateral rotators of the thigh
  • internal pudendal- supplies perineal region
49
Q

what are the veins of the gluteal region? what do they drain into?

A
  • superior and inferior gluteal veins as well as the internal pudental vein
  • the internal iliac vein
50
Q

what is the safe zone?

A

where you can do intragluteal injections

-near piriformis and glut med

Micro last plus one anatomy 5 (8 decks)

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