Glutamate

Question 1

Glutamate is synthesised from

Answer 1

Glutamine

Question 2

Glutamate reuptake is done by

Answer 2

Excitatory amino acid transporters (EAAT)

Question 3

MSG is a _____ ______ and stands for…

Answer 3

Food additive, monosodium glutamate

Question 4

Cells which are ‘metabolic cleaner uppers’

Answer 4

Glial cells

Question 5

Glutamine is converted into glutamate by

Answer 5

Glutaminase

Question 6

Glutamate is converted into glutamine in glial cells by

Answer 6

Glutamine synthase

Question 7

The three classes of ionotropic glutamate receptors are

Answer 7

NMDA, AMPA, KA

Question 8

The three classes of metabotropic glutamate receptors are

Answer 8

Group 1, group 2, group 3

Question 9

How many subunits do ionotropic glutamate receptors have?

Answer 9

4

Question 10

How many segments does each of the 4 subunits have in a ionotropic glutamate receptor?

Answer 10

4 segments

Question 11

Which subunit segment does not span the membrane?

Answer 11

Segment 2

Question 12

Which receptor doesn’t exist, homomeric AMPA, or homomeric NMDA?

Answer 12

Homomeric NMDA

Question 13

Which subunit is needed for a functional NMDA receptor?

Answer 13

GluN1

Question 14

What are the agonists for AMPA other than AMPA and glutamate?

Answer 14

KA

Question 15

What are the agonists for NMDA other than NMDA and glutamate?

Answer 15

aspartate

Question 16

What is a competitive antagonist of AMPA?

Answer 16

NBQX

Question 17

What are the antagonists of NMDA?

Answer 17

Ketamine, CPP (competitive), PCP

Question 18

What are the co-agonists of NMDA?

Answer 18

Glycine/serine

Question 19

What ions do AMPA and NMDA control the passage of?

Answer 19

Na+ in, K+ out, NMDA controls Ca2+ in

Question 20

Which ionotropic glutamate receptor is both ligand and voltage gated?

Answer 20

NMDA

Question 21

What blocks the NMDA channel until depolarisation?

Answer 21

Mg2+

Question 22

Which is involved in fast excitation, ionotropic or metabotropic (GPCR) glutamate receptors?

Answer 22

Ionotropic

Question 23

Metabotropic receptors activate what?

Answer 23

Enzymes or ion channels

Question 24

What ion controls neurotransmitter release?

Answer 24

Ca2+

Question 25

Presynaptically, mGluR couple to which ion channel and what does this control?

Answer 25

Ca2+, neurotransmitter (glutamate) release

Question 26

Postsynaptically, mGluR couple to which ion channel?

Answer 26

K+

Question 27

How does mGluR control neurotransmitter release?

Answer 27

Glutamate binds to mGluR, G protein activates, beta gamma unit causes Ca2+ channel to close, reduced influx

Question 28

How does mGluR control slow depolarisation postsynaptically?

Answer 28

Glutamate binds to mGluR, G protein activates, beta gamma unit causes K+ channel to close, reduced K+ efflux out of the cell

Question 29

What effect does an active alpha unit have in the postsynapse?

Answer 29

Regulating Ca2+ release and postsynaptic excitability (Second messenger cascade by Gq coupled receptor)

Question 30

The postsynaptic functions of mGluR are:

Answer 30

Produce slow depolarisation (K+) and control Ca2+ intracellular release

Question 31

Which group of mGluR is postsynaptic?

Answer 31

Group 1 (mGluR1 and mGluR5)

Question 32

Which groups of mGluR are presynaptic?

Answer 32

Group 2/3 (mGluR 2,3,4,7,8)

Question 33

What are the glutamate transporters called?

Answer 33

VGlut