Glucose metabolism

Question 1

Hormone produced by alpha cells

Answer 1

Glucagon

Question 2

Hormone produced by beta cells

Answer 2

Insulin

Question 3

Hormone produced by delta cells

Answer 3

Somatostatin

Question 4

Hormone produced by PP cells

Answer 4

Pancreatic polypeptide

Question 5

Exocrine function of the pancreas

Answer 5

Pancreatic Juices

Question 6

Insulin Secretion

Answer 6

• metabolised in kidney and liver
• voltage-gated calcium channels, influx of calcium, secretion of insulin into EC space (exocytosis)
• insulin is also secreted by hormones like GIP in intestinal tract
• After eating intestines release GIP circulates to pancreas to stimulate beta cells to release glucose

Question 7

Actions of insulin

Answer 7

• promotes intracellular conversion of glucose to storage forms; targets adipocytes, myocytes and hepatocytes
• glycogen synthesis
• gluconeogenesis inhibition
• increased synthesis of glycerol and fatty acids to triglycerides
• inhibits breakdown of triglycerides
• increases AA uptake so increases protein synthesis

Question 8

Glucagon secretion

Answer 8

• primary target organ is the liver
• mobilises glucose from hepatic glycogen and gluconeogenesis
• stimulated by decrease in plasma glucose

Question 9

Actions of glucagon

Answer 9

• liver; stimulates gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis
• stimulates hormone-sensitive lipase

Question 10

Glucose transport molecules

Answer 10

• glucose is taken up by cells using a carrier protein called glucose transporters (GLUTs)
• facilitated diffusion
• recruited by insulin
• insulin up-regulates GLUT-4 expression