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MOD 8 > GLUCOSE METAB > Flashcards

GLUCOSE METAB Flashcards

1
Q

breakdown products from carbohydrate digestion

A

glucose, galactose, and fructose

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2
Q

Six-carbon stage of Glycolysis

A

Step 1-3

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2
Q

end product of glycolysis, can leave the cytosol, cross the two mitochondrial membranes, and enter
the mitochondrial matrix

A

Pyruvate

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2
Q

branched polymeric form of glucose, is the storage form of carbohydrates in humans and animals

A

Glycogen

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2
Q

metabolic pathway by which glucose 6-
phosphate is produced from glycogen

A

Glycogenolysis

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2
Q

a biochemical
process by which NADH is oxidized to NAD+ without the need for oxygen

A

Fermentation

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2
Q

found primarily in muscle and liver tissue

A

Glycogen

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2
Q

it does not require UTP or UDP molecules

A

Glycogenolysis

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2
Q

Glycogenolysis is a two-step process

A

1) Phosphorolysis
2) Isomerization

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2
Q

starting material for glycolysis with the net gain of two molecules

A

free glucose

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2
Q

energy-consuming stage

A

Six-carbon stage of Glycolysis (Step 1-3)

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2
Q

free glucose is the starting material for glycolysis with the net gain of

A

two molecules

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2
Q

an enzyme that
requires Mg2+
ion for its activity

A

Hexokinase

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2
Q

metabolic pathway by which glycogen is synthesized from
glucose 6-phosphate

A

Glycogenesis

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2
Q

Two fermentation processes

A

lactate fermentation and ethanol fermentation

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3
Q

the enzymatic anaerobic reduction of
pyruvate to lactate

A

Lactate fermentation

3
Q

involves three reactions (steps)

A

1) Isomerization: Formation of Glucose 1-phosphate
2) Activation: Formation of UDP-glucose
3) Linkage to Chain

3
Q

starting material for glycolysis which results in net gain in ATP is three molecules

A

glycogen

3
Q

energy-generating stage

A

Three-Carbon Stage of Glycolysis (Steps 4–10)

3
Q

metabolic pathway by which glucose is synthesized from noncarbohydrate materials

A

Gluconeogenesis

3
Q

sole purpose of this process is the conversion
of NADH to NAD+

A

Lactate Fermentation

4
Q

activated carrier of glucose in glycogen synthesis glycogenesis

A

Glucose-UDP

5
Q

Gluconeogenesis has a
net expenditure of

A

4 ATP and 2 GTP

5
Q

When glycogen rather is the starting material for glycolysis, the net gain in ATP is

A

three molecules

5
Q

metabolic pathway by which glucose is used to produce NADPH, ribose 5-phosphate (a pentose phosphate), and numerous other sugar phosphates

A

Pentose Phosphate Pathway

5
Q

biochemical process whereby ATP is produced from ADP through direct transfer of a high-energy phosphoryl group from a reaction substrate
to ADP

A

Substrate-level phosphorylation

5
Q

helps to maintain normal blood-glucose levels in times of inadequate dietary carbohydrate intake

A

Gluconeogenesis

5
Q

Glycolysis has a net
production of

A

2 ATP

5
Q

cyclic biochemical process in which glucose is converted to lactate in muscle tissue, the lactate is reconverted to glucose in the liver, and the glucose is returned to the muscle tissue

A

Cori cycle

6
Q

NAD+ / NADH

A

Nonphosphorylated coenzymes

6
Q

NADP+/NADPH

A

Phosphorylated coenzymes

7
Q

mainly in its oxidized form (NAD+), involved in the reactions of the common metabolic pathway (CTC & ETC)

A

Nonphosphorylated coenzymes

8
Q

mainly in its reduced form (NADPH), involved in biosynthetic reactions of lipids and nucleic acids

A

Phosphorylated coenzymes

9
Q

occurs first, involves three steps through which glucose 6-phosphate is converted to ribulose 5-phosphate and CO2

A

Oxidative stage

10
Q

the main antioxidant used by the body to keep hemoglobin in its reduced form

A

Glutathione

11
Q

TWO STAGES of Pentose phosphate pathway (PPP)

A
  1. Oxidative stage
  2. Nonoxidative stage
12
Q

ribulose 5-phosphate (a ketose) is isomerized to ribose 5-phosphate (an aldose)

A

Nonoxidative stage

MOD 8 (2 decks)

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