Glucose, Hemaglobin, Iron and Bilirubin Flashcards
Which of the following biochemical processes is
promoted by insulin?
A. Glycogenolysis
B. Gluconeogenesis
C. Lipolysis
D. Uptake of glucose by cells
D
Which of the following hormones promotes
hyperglycemia?
A. Calcitonin
B. Growth hormone
C. Aldosterone
D. Renin
B
Which of the following is characteristic of
type 1 diabetes mellitus?
A. Requires an oral glucose tolerance test for
diagnosis
B. Is the most common form of diabetes mellitus
C. Usually occurs after age 40
D. Requires insulin replacement to prevent ketosis
D
Which of the following is characteristic of
type 2 diabetes mellitus?
A. Insulin levels are consistently low
B. Most cases require a 3-hour oral glucose
tolerance test to diagnose
C. Hyperglycemia is often controlled without
insulin replacement
D. The condition is associated with unexplained
weight loss
C
Which of the following results falls within the
diagnostic criteria for diabetes mellitus?
A. Fasting plasma glucose of 120 mg/dL
B. Two-hour postprandial plasma glucose of
160 mg/dL
C. Two-hour plasma glucose of 180 mg/dL
following a 75 g oral glucose challenge
D. Random plasma glucose of 250 mg/dL and
presence of symptoms
D
Select the most appropriate adult reference range
for fasting blood glucose.
A. 40–105 mg/dL (2.22–5.82 mmol/L)
B. 60–140 mg/dL (3.33–7.77 mmol/L)
C. 65–99 mg/dL (3.61–5.50 mmol/L)
D. 75–150 mg/dL (4.16–8.32 mmol/L)
C
When preparing a patient for an oral glucose
tolerance test (OGTT), which of the following
conditions will lead to erroneous results?
A. The patient remains ambulatory for 3 days prior
to the test
B. Carbohydrate intake is restricted to below
150 g/day for 3 days prior to test
C. No food, coffee, tea, or smoking is allowed
8 hours before and during the test
D. Administration of 75 g of glucose is given to an
adult patient following a 10–12-hour fast
B
Which of the following 2-hour glucose challenge
results would be classified as impaired glucose
tolerance (IGT)?
Two-hour serum glucose:
A. 130 mg/dL
B. 135 mg/dL
C. 150 mg/dL
D. 204 mg/dL
C
Which statement regarding gestational diabetes
mellitus (GDM) is correct?
A. Is diagnosed using the same oral glucose
tolerance criteria as in nonpregnancy
B. Converts to diabetes mellitus after pregnancy
in 60%–75% of cases
C. Presents no increased health risk to the fetus
D. Is defined as glucose intolerance originating
during pregnancy
D
Which of the following findings is characteristic
of all forms of clinical hypoglycemia?
A. A fasting blood glucose value below 55 mg/dL
B. High fasting insulin levels
C. Neuroglycopenic symptoms at the time of low
blood sugar
D. Decreased serum C peptide
C
Which statement regarding glycated (glycosylated)
Hgb (G-Hgb) is true?
A. Has a sugar attached to the C-terminal end of
the β chain
B. Is a highly reversible aminoglycan
C. Reflects the extent of glucose regulation in the
8- to 12-week interval prior to sampling
D. Will be abnormal within 4 days following an
episode of hyperglycemia
C
What is the American Diabetes Association
recommended cutoff value for adequate control of
blood glucose in diabetics as measured by glycated
hemoglobin?
A. 5%
B. 6.5%
C. 9.5%
D. 11%
B
Which statement regarding measurement of Hgb
A1c is true?
A. Levels do not need to be done fasting
B. Both the labile and stable Hgb A1c fractions are
measured
C. Samples should be measured within 2 hours of
collection
D. The assay must be done by chromatography
A
Which stationary phase is used for the
measurement of hemoglobin A1c by high
performance liquid chromatography?
A. Octadecylsilane (C18)
B. Cation exchanger
C. Anion exchanger
D. Polystyrene divinylbenzene
B
Evaluate the following chromatogram of a
whole-blood hemolysate, and identify the cause
and best course of action.
A. Result is not reportable because hemoglobin F
is present and interferes
B. The result is not reportable because
hemoglobin C is present and interferes
C. The result is not reportable because labile
hemoglobin A1c is present
D. The result is reportable; neither hemoglobin F
or C interfere
D
According to American Diabetes Association
criteria, which result is consistent with a diagnosis
of impaired fasting glucose?
A. 99 mg/dL
B. 117 mg/dL
C. 126 mg/dL
D. 135 mg/dL
B
According to American Diabetes Association
criteria, which result is consistent with a diagnosis
of impaired fasting glucose?
A. 99 mg/dL
B. 117 mg/dL
C. 126 mg/dL
D. 135 mg/dL
B
What is the recommended cutoff for the early
detection of chronic kidney disease in diabetics
using the test for microalbuminuria?
A. >30 mg/g creatinine
B. >80 mg/g creatinine
C. >200 mg/g creatinine
D. >80 mg/L
A
In addition to measuring blood glucose, Hgb A1c,
and microalbumin, which test should be done on
diabetic persons once per year?
A. Urine glucose
B. Urine ketones
C. Plasma fructosamines
D. Estimated glomerular filtration rate
D
Which testing situation is appropriate for the use
of point-of-care whole-blood glucose methods?
A. Screening for type 2 diabetes mellitus
B. Diagnosis of diabetes mellitus
C. Monitoring of blood glucose control in type 1
and type 2 diabetics
D. Monitoring diabetics for hyperglycemic
episodes only
C
Which of the following is the reference method
for measuring serum glucose?
A. Somogyi–Nelson
B. Hexokinase
C. Glucose oxidase
D. Glucose dehydrogenase
B
Polarographic methods for glucose analysis are
based upon which principle of measurement?
A. Nonenzymatic oxidation of glucose
B. The rate of O2 depletion
C. Chemiluminescence caused by formation of
adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
D. The change in electrical potential as glucose is
oxidized
B
In addition to polarography, what other
electrochemical method can be used to
measure glucose in plasma?
A. Conductivity
B. Potentiometry
C. Anodic stripping voltammetry
D. Amperometry
D
Select the enzyme that is most specific for
β-D-glucose.
A. Hexokinase
B. G-6-PD
C. Phosphohexisomerase
D. Glucose oxidase
D
Select the coupling enzyme used in the hexokinase
method for glucose.
A. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
B. Peroxidase
C. Glucose dehydrogenase
D. Glucose-6-phosphatase
A
Which glucose method is subject to falsely low
results caused by ascorbate?
A. Hexokinase
B. Glucose dehydrogenase
C. Trinder glucose oxidase
D. Polarography
C
Which glucose method is subject to falsely low
results caused by ascorbate?
A. Hexokinase
B. Glucose dehydrogenase
C. Trinder glucose oxidase
D. Polarography
C
Which of the following is a potential source
of error in the hexokinase method?
A. Galactosemia
B. Hemolysis
C. Sample collected in fluoride
D. Ascorbic acid
B