Glucose

Question 1

Carbohydrates

Answer 1

The primary source of glucose

Question 2

Glycogenolysis

Answer 2

Breakdown of glycogen to form glucose

Question 3

Gluconeogenesis:

Answer 3

Conversion of amino acids, glycerol, and lactate to glucose

Question 4

Glycogenesis

Answer 4

Storage of glucose as glycogen

Question 5

Glycolysis

Answer 5

Usage of glucose by the cells, requiring insulin, to produce energy

Question 6

Pancreas

Answer 6

Where the insulin come from

Question 7

Beta-cells

Answer 7

In the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas produce insulin in response to Elevated blood glucose

Question 8

Pre-proinsulin, proinsulin

Answer 8

2 precursors of insulin

Question 9

Monosaccharides

Answer 9

Carbs must be broken down into monosaccharides before they can be used as energy.

Question 10

Dextrins; maltose

Answer 10

Salivary amylase converts starch to dextrin and maltose.

Question 11

Glucose; galactose; fructose

Answer 11

Pancreatic amylase breaks down maltose, lactose, and sucrose to glucose, galactose, and fructose.

Question 12

Glucose

Answer 12

The liver converts galactose and fructose to glucose

Question 13

Insulin

Answer 13

Lower blood glucose

Question 14

Normal insulin range

Answer 14

2-25 uIU/ml

Question 15

Glucagon

Answer 15

Is secreted by alpha-cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas in response to low glucose levels

Question 16

Normal glucagon range

Answer 16

70-180 ng/L

Question 17

Type 1 diabetes mellitus

Answer 17

Type of diabetes is there an absolute deficiency of insulin

Question 18

Type 1 diabetes mellitus

Answer 18

Rapid weight loss, polyphagia, polydipsia, polyuria, and neurological symptoms

Question 19

Type 1 diabetes mellitus

Answer 19

Hyperglycemia, polyuria, increased serum and urine osmolality, ketonuria, acidosis, and electrolyte imbalance are lab findings

Question 20

Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Answer 20

Type of diabetes is there a deficiency of insulin activity

Question 21

Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Answer 21

Is the most common form of diabetes

Question 22

To diagnose diabetes, the OGTT after a 2-hour load should be…?

Answer 22

> 200 mg/dl

Question 23

To diagnose diabetes, random plasma glucose (RPG) should be…?

Answer 23

> 200 mg/dl

Question 24

To diagnose diabetes, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) should be…?

Answer 24

> 126 mg/dl

Question 25

To be considered hypoglycemia, the blood glucose levels should be less than

Answer 25

50 mg/dl

Question 26

Hypoglycemia

Answer 26

Trembling, sweating, nausea, rapid pulse, lightheadedness, and hunger

Question 27

What samples are appropriate for glucose measurements?

Answer 27

Serum, plasma, CSF

Question 28

Glucose-6-phosphate; ADP

Answer 28

In the hexokinase method of glucose determination, glucose is phosphorylated in the presence of hexokinase and Mg+++ to form _____ and _____.

Question 29

G6PD

Answer 29

In the hexokinase method of glucose determination, glucose-6-phosphate is oxidized by _____ to form 6-phosphogluconate and NADPH.

Question 30

In the hexokinase method of glucose determination, the amount of NADPH is directly proportional to _____.

Answer 30

The amount of glucose in the sample

Question 31

In the hexokinase method of glucose determination, the change in absorbance is measured at

Answer 31

340 nm

Question 32

Glucose oxidase catalyzes the oxidation of glucose to _____ and _____.

Answer 32

gluconic acid; hydrogen peroxide

Question 33

In the glucose oxidase method, glucose concentration is proportional to _____.

Answer 33

the amount of hydrogen peroxide produced

Question 34

Glucose reference range in serum or plasma

Answer 34

70-150 mg/dl

Question 35

Glucose reference range in whole blood

Answer 35

65-95 mg/dl