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BIOPHARMACEUTICS > GLOSSARYi > Flashcards

GLOSSARYi Flashcards

0
Q

Is the process of uptake of the compound from the site of administration into the systemic circulation.

A

Absorption

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1
Q

Is the extent or fraction of drug absorbed upon extravascular administration in comparison to the dose size administered

A

Absolute Bioavailability

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2
Q

Is the increase of drug concentration in blood and tissue upon multiple dosing until steady state is reached.

A

Accumulation

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3
Q

Is the ratio of the concentrations at equilibrium between a lipid phase and an aqueous phase.

A

Apparent Partition Coefficient

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4
Q

Is the integral of drug blood level over time from zero to infinity and is a measure of quantity of drug absorbed and in the body

A

Area Under the Curve

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5
Q

Is mathematically defined by AUMC. It is the area under the curve observed for the product of time and concentration versus time.

A

Area Under First Statistical Moment Curve

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6
Q

Is the phenomenon that drugs emptied via bile into the small intestine can be reabsorbed from the intestinal lumen into systemic circulation

A

Biliary Recycling

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7
Q

Is defined both the relative amount of drug from an administered dosage form which enters the systemic circulation and the rate at which the drug appears in the blood stream.

A

Bioavailability

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8
Q

Is achieved if its extent and rate of absorption are not statistically significantly different from those of the standard when administered at the same molar dose

A

Bioequivalence

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9
Q

Is a requirement imposed by the Food and Drug Administration for in vitro and/or in vivo and testing of specified drug products which must be satisfied as a condition of marketing

A

Bioequivalence Requirement

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10
Q

Deals with the physical and chemical properties of the drug substance, the dosage form, and the body and the biological effectiveness of a drug and/or drug product upon administration

A

Biopharmaceutics

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11
Q

Is the actual site of action of drugs in the body

A

Biophase

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12
Q

Is the speed of blood perfusion in an organ, usually expressed in ml/100 g organ weight/min

A

Blood Flow Rate

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13
Q

Demonstrate the concentration in the blood, plasma or serum upon administration of dosage form by various routes of administration

A

Blood-, Plasma- or Serum-Levels

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14
Q

Is the sum of all body regions (organs and tissue) in which the drug concentration is in instantaneous equilibrium with that in blood or plasma

A

Central Compartment

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15
Q

Is the study of pharmacokinetic drug parameters as affected by circadian rhythm or diurnal variation

A

Chronopharmacokinetics

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16
Q

Is the biological clock controlling rhythms of processes during a twenty-four hour cycle which is based on endogenous factors

A

Circadian Rhythm

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17
Q

Is the application of pharmacokinetic principles in the safe and effective treatment of individual patients, and the optimization of drug therapy

A

Clinical Pharmacokinetics

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18
Q

Is an entity in which can be described by a definite volume and a concentration of drug contained in that volume

A

Compartment

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19
Q

Is the difference in the concentration in two phases usually separated by a membrane

A

Concentration Gradient

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20
Q

Is the ratio of creatinine excreted in urine to the concentration of creatinine in plasma

A

Creatinine Clearance

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21
Q

Are plots of the actual cumulative amounts of drug and/or its metabolites excreted into urine versus time upon administration of a drug product by various routes of administration

A

Cumulative Urinary Excretion Curves

22
Q

Is that portion of a prolonged release dosage form which liberates the drug from the dosage form at a slower rate than its unrestricted absorption rate

A

Depot Phase

23
Q

Is the viscous layer of concentrated drug solution around a dissolving particle

A

Diffusion Layer

24
Q

Is the loss of drug from the central compartment due to transfer (distribution) into other compartments and/or elimination and metabolism

A

Disposition

25
Q

Is the biological clock controlling rhythms of processes during a twenty-four hour cycle which is based on external synchronizers

A

Diurnal Variation

26
Q

Is the systematized dosage schedule for therapy

A

Dosage Regimen or Dose Rate

27
Q

Refers to a change of one or more of the pharmacokinetic processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion with increasing dose size

A

Dose Dependency

28
Q

Is a term used to describe the achievement of sustained drug concentration by simply increasing the dose size or by accidental drug release of drug from a sustained release dosage form

A

Dose Dumping

29
Q

Is the graphical presentation of the pharmacological or clinical effectiveness or toxicity (response) versus dose

A

Dose-Response Curve

30
Q

Is the amount of drug in mcg, mg units or other dimensions to be administered

A

Dose Size

31
Q

Is the time period between administration of maintenance doses

A

Dosing Interval

32
Q

Is a chemical compound of synthetic, semisynthetic, natural or biological origin which interacts with human or animal cells

A

Drug

33
Q

Is a drug product, usually of unvarying composition, labeled with a registered trademark of a single company

A

Drug Specialty or Brand Product

34
Q

Is the delivery of the active ingredient from a dosage form into solution

A

Drug Release or Liberation

35
Q

Is the gross pharmaceutical form containing the active ingredient(s) [drug(s)] and vehicle substances necessary in formulating a medicament of desired dosage, desired volume and desired application form, ready for administration

A

Drug Product or Dosage Form

36
Q

Is the time in hours necessary to reduce the drug concentration in the blood, plasma or serum to one-half after equilibrium is reached

A

Elimination Half-Life

37
Q

Is the phenomenon in which drugs emptied via bile into the small intestine can be reabsorbed from the intestinal lumen into systemic circulation

A

Enterohepatic Recirculation (Biliary Recycling)

38
Q

Is the increase in enzyme content or rate of enzymatic processes resulting in faster metabolism of a compound

A

Enzyme Induction

39
Q

Is the decrease in rate of metabolism of a compound usually by competition for an enzyme system

A

Enzyme Inhibition

40
Q

Is the final elimination from the body’s systemic circulation via the kidney into urine via bila and saliva into intestines and into feces via sweat skin and milk

A

Excretion

41
Q

Refers to all routes of admn except those where the drug indirectly introduced into blood stream

A

Extravascular Administration

42
Q

Refers to a graphical method for the separation of exponents such as separating the absorption rate constant form the elimination rate constant

A

Feathering (residual method)

43
Q

Describes the phenomenon whereby drugs maybe metabolized following absorption but before reaching systemic circulation

A

First-pass effect

44
Q

Is the phenomenon observed if the rate of absorption is slower than the rate of elimination

A

Flip-flop model

45
Q

Is part of the alimentary canal comprising stomach small intestine and large

A

GIT

46
Q

Is a drug product marketed under the nonproprietary or common name the drug

A

Generic product

47
Q

Is the hypothetical volume of distribution in ml of the unmetabolized drug which is cleared one minute via the liver

A

Hepatic clearance

48
Q

Is the maintenance of a steady state wc characterizes the internal environment

A

Homeostasis

49
Q

Is that portion of a prolonged release dosage form which is immediately available for absorption

A

Initial phase

50
Q

Is the theoretical unrestricted maximum clearance of unbound drug by an eliminating organ.

A

Intrinsic clearance

51
Q

Is the period of time which elapses between the time of administration and the time a drug is found in the blood

A

Lag time

52
Q

The dose size initiating therapy so as to yield therapeutic concentration to wc will result clinical effectiveness

A

Loading priming initial dose

BIOPHARMACEUTICS (1 decks)

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