Glossary words Flashcards
Absorption
The passage of a substance across and into tissues.
Ampule
A small sterile glass or plastic container that usually contains a single dose of solution to be administered parenterally.
anaphylactic reaction
hypersensitive, an immediate and life-threatening allergic response characterized by bronchospasm, laryngeal edema, and a rapid drop in blood pressure
dermatological
pertaining to the skin
drug tolerance
a state of adaptation in which exposure to a drug induces changes that result in diminution of one or more drug’s effects over over time.
enteric coated
tablets coated with a substance that does not dissolve until reaching the intestine where medication is absorbed. this is used when drug constituents are irritating to the oral and gastric mucosa.
excretion
the process of eliminating, shedding or getting rid of substances by body organs or tissues.
inhalation
A method of medication delivery through the pt’s respiratory tract through the nasal or oral route.
instillation
a procedure in which a fluid is slowly introduced into a cavity or passage of the body (e.g. rectum) and allowed to remain for a specific length of time before being withdrawn or drained:
ATI DEF: administration of a liquid drop by drop
medication
a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment, cure, relief, or prevention of disease.
ATI: term used for drug when it is given to or taken by a particular individual for therapeutic purposes
metabolism
the aggregate of all chemical processes that take place in living organisms, resulting in growth, generation of energy, elimination of wastes, and other functions concerned with the distribution of nutrients in the blood after digestion.
ophthalmic / ocular
pertaining to the eye
prescription
the written directions for a therapeutic agent. (e.g., medication, drugs)
solution
A mixture of one or more substances dissolved in another substance. the molecules of each of the substances disperse homogeneously and do not change chemically. A solution may be liquid, gas, or solid.
suppository
a solid form of medication inserted into a body cavity (e.g., rectum or vagina). The drug is absorbed after it dissolves in the cavity.
suspension
a liquid in which a small particles of a solid are dispersed, but not dissolved, and in which the dispersal is maintained by stirring or shaking the mixture.
systemic
pertaining to the whole body rather than to a localized area.
Topical (topical agents)
drugs or treatments applied to the surface part of the body.
adverse reaction
any noxious, unintended, and undesired result of taking a drug in appropriate doses; also called an adverse effect; often used synonymously with side effect, but side effects also include results that, although not the intended therapeutic effects, are harmless and possibly helpful
dose
a measured quantity to be administered at one time, such as a specified amount of medication; often used synonymously with dosage, but dosage refers to the overall dosing regimen, not necessarily a single dose
drug
any chemical or other nondrug substance that can affect living processes
generic name
referring to a noncommercial name assigned to a drug, usually less complex than the drug’s chemical name and more complex than a brand or trade; also known as a nonproprietary name.
idiosyncratic effect
an uncommon, unexpected, or individual drug response thought to result from a genetic predisposition
synergistic effect
an increase in the effects of any or all of two or more drugs taken together.
unit dose system
provision of drugs in single-dose packages
dosage
the determination and regulation of the size, frequency, and number of doses of a medication to be given to or taken by an individual patient; often used synonymously with dose, but dose refers to the amount to be given at one time, not the overall dosing regimen
Aerosol
Aqueous medication sprayed and absorbed in mouth and upper airway; not meant for ingestion
Antagonistic effect
A biological response to exposure to a single chemical interfering with the action of another or to multiple chemicals interfering with each others actions
Body surface area
BSA! When a medication comes in contact with a large surface area, it is absorbed at a faster rate. This helps explain why the majority of medications are absorbed in the small intestine rather than the stomach.
Caplet
Shaped like a capsule and coated for easy swallowing
Capsule
Medication encased in a gelatin shell
Cumulative effect
The state in which a series of repeated actions have an effect greater than the sum of their individual effects; especially in the repeated administration of drugs
Cream
Semisolid, externally applied preparation, usually containing one or more medication
Distribution
After medication is absorbed, it is distributed within the body tissues and organs and ultimately to its specific site of action. The rate and extent of distribution depend on the physical and chemical properties of the medication and the physiology of the person taking it.
Drug abuse
The habitual taking of addictive or illegal drugs
Pharmacokinetics
The study of how medications enter the body, reach their site of action, metabolize, and exit the body.
Pharmacology
The branch of medicine concerned with the uses, effect, and modes of action of drugs
Reconstitution
Restructure: construct or form anew or provide with new structure.
Serum half life
The period of time required for the concentration or amount of the drug in the body to be reduced to exactly one- half of a given concentration or amount
Tincture
A medicine made by dissolving a drug in alcohol
Troche (lozenge)
Cough drop: a medicated lozenge to soothe the throat
Trade name
A name that has the status of a trademark
Elixir
Clear fluid containing water and/ alcohol; often sweetened
Tablet
Powdered medication compressed into hard disk or cylinder; in addition to primary medication, contains binders (adhesive to allow powder to stick together), disintegrates ( to promote tablet dissolution), lubricants (for ease of manufacturing), and fillers ( for convenient tablet size) page 567 Fund
Extract
Syrup or dried form of pharmacologically active medication, usually made by evaporating solution
Syrup
Medication dissolved in concentrated sugar solution
