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Pathology & Microbiology for Mortuary Students (Terminology from the textbook) > Glossary Terms- Microbiology, Pathology > Flashcards

Glossary Terms- Microbiology, Pathology Flashcards

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1
Q

DEFINITION: An inflamed area of pus walled off by a membrane.

A

Abscess

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2
Q

DEFINITION: A condition that presents itself after birth.

A

Acquired

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3
Q

DEFINITION: Hyperfunction of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland after ossification has been completed.

A

Acromegaly

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4
Q

DEFINITION: A disease with a more or less rapid onset & short duration.

A

Acute

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5
Q

DEFINITION: A rare endocrine disorder, occurring when the adrenal glands fail to produce enough of the hormones cortisol & aldosterone.

A

Addison’s disease

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6
Q

DEFINITION: A fibrous band holding parts together that are normally separated, resulting during the healing process after wounds.

A

Adhesion

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7
Q

DEFINITION: Having a hypersensitivity to a substance that doesn’t normally cause a reaction.

A

Allergies

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8
Q

DEFINITION: Congenital absence of one or more limbs.

A

Amelia (in pathology)

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9
Q

DEFINITION: A waxy, translucent, complex protein that resembles starch. ______ degeneration is a form of cellular degeneration present in diseases like Alzheimer’s disease.

A

Amyloid

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10
Q

DEFINITION: Generalized massive edema in subcutaneous tissue.

A

Anasarca

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11
Q

DEFINITION: A decrease in the number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin, or both.

A

Anemia

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12
Q

DEFINITION: A localized dilation (abnormal enlargement or bulging) of a blood vessel.

A

Aneurysm

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13
Q

DEFINITION: Chest pain due to a lack of oxygenation of the heart muscle resulting from inadequate blood flow.

A

Angina

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14
Q

DEFINITION: Mutual opposition or contrary action. The inhibition of one bacterium by another.

A

Antagonism

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15
Q

DEFINITION: Glycoprotein substances developed in response to & interacting specifically with an antigen.

A

Antibodies (aka Immunoglobulins)

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16
Q

DEFINITION: A foreign substance that stimulates the formation of antibodies that interact specifically with it.

A

Antigen

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17
Q

DEFINITION: Preventing or inhibiting the growth of pathogenic microorganisms.

A

Antisepsis

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18
Q

DEFINITION: Failure of a tissue or an organ to develop normally due to an absence of cells.

A

Aplasia

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19
Q

DEFINITION: Loss of the normal beating rhythm of the heart.

A

Arrhythmia

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20
Q

DEFINITION: Disease of the arteries resulting in thickening & loss of elasticity.

A

Arteriosclerosis

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21
Q

DEFINITION: Accumulation of free serous fluid in the abdominal cavity.

A

Ascites

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22
Q

DEFINITION: Inability to take in necessary amounts of oxygen.

A

Asphyxia

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23
Q

DEFINITION: A sometimes chronic condition in which the bronchi are hypersensitive to stimuli.

A

Asthma

24
Q

DEFINITION: A collapsed lung or the failure of the lung of a fetus to expand fully at birth. Technically, it’s the loss of lung volume due to inadequate expansion of air spaces, which results in inadequate oxygen & carbon dioxide exchange within the lungs.

A

Atelectasis

25
Q

DEFINITION: The most common form of arteriosclerosis, marked by cholesterol, lipid, & calcium deposits in the walls of arteries.

A

Atherosclerosis

26
Q

DEFINITION: A wasting, decrease in size of an organ or tissue.

A

Atrophy

27
Q

DEFINITION: Dilution or weakening of the virulence of a microorganism, reducing or abolishing its pathogenicity.

A

Attenuation

28
Q

DEFINITION: The process by which an organism digests its own cells through enzymes that are naturally present in the cell or in surrounding tissues; this normally occurs after the cell or tissue has died.

A

Autolysis

29
Q

DEFINITION: A postmortem examination of the organs & tissues of a body to determine cause of death or pathological condition.

A

Autopsy (necrosis)

30
Q

DEFINITION: Self-nourishing, capable of growing in the absence of organic compounds. Organisms that obtain carbon from carbon dioxide.

A

Autotrophic

31
Q

DEFINITION: Any rod shaped microorganism.

A

Bacillus (bacilli)

32
Q

DEFINITION: A prokaryotic one-called microorganism of the kingdom Monera, existing as free-living organisms or as parasites, multiplying by binary fission, & having a large range of biochemical properties.

A

Bacteria

33
Q

DEFINITION: A visible group of bacteria growing on a solid medium, presumably arising from a single microorganism.

A

Bacterial colony

34
Q

DEFINITION: Agents that destroy bacteria but not necessarily their spores.

A

Bactericides

35
Q

DEFINITION: Science that studies bacteria.

A

Bacteriology

36
Q

DEFINITION: Not recurrent or progressive; non-malignant.

A

Benign

37
Q

DEFINITION: A method of asexual reproduction in bacteria in which cells split into 2 parts, each of which develops into a complete individual.

A

Binary fission

38
Q

DEFINITION: An animal vector in which the disease-causing organism multiplies or develops within the animal prior to becoming infective for a susceptible individual.

A

Biological vector

39
Q

DEFINITION: An inflammation of the bronchi, which are the main air passages to the lungs.

A

Bronchitis

40
Q

DEFINITION: Infected lymph nodes associated with bubonic plague or other diseases.

A

Buboes

41
Q

DEFINITION: Inflammation of the bursae in certain joint of the body.

A

Bursitis

42
Q

DEFINITION: A state of ill health, malnutrition, & wasting of the body. It may occur in many chronic diseases, malignancies, & infections.

A

Cachexia

43
Q

DEFINITION: The depositing of calcium salts, magnesium, iron, & other materials within the cells.

A

Calcification

44
Q

DEFINITION: Several communicating boils of the skin & subcutaneous tissues with the production & discharge of pus & dead tissue.

A

Carbuncle

45
Q

DEFINITION: Cheeselike. Caseous necrosis is characterized by pink areas of necrotic tissue surrounded by inflammatory granules.

A

Caseous

46
Q

DEFINITION: Any injury or disease that produces a physiological derangement in the body that results in the death of the individual.
Examples include gunshot wounds, stab wounds, lung cancer, or blood clots.

A

Cause of death

47
Q

DEFINITION: Formation of cavities in an organ or tissue, frequently seen in some forms of tuberculosis.

A

Cavitation

48
Q

DEFINITION: A hard, primary ulcer due to syphilis infection appearing approximately 2 to 3 weeks after infection.

A

Chancre

49
Q

DEFINITION: The movement of white blood cells to an area of inflammation in response to the release of chemical mediators by neutrophils, monocytes, & injured tissues.

A

Chemotaxis

50
Q

DEFINITION: A large group of nonmotile, gram-negative, intracellular parasites.

A

Chlamydia

51
Q

DEFINITION: A disease with a more or less slow onset & long duration.

A

Chronic

52
Q

DEFINITION: Congenitally malformed palate with a fissure along the midline.

A

Cleft palate

53
Q

DEFINITION: Study of disease performed in the laboratory by means of body secretions, excretions, & other body fluids.

A

Clinical pathology

54
Q

DEFINITION: A bacterial enzyme that causes blood to clot by converting fibrinogen into fibrin.

A

Coagulase

55
Q

DEFINITION: A type of bacteria that is spherical or ovoid in form

A

Coccus (Pl. cocci)

Pathology & Microbiology for Mortuary Students (Terminology from the textbook) (1 decks)

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