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Special Senses: Ear and Eye > Glossary Terms > Flashcards

Glossary Terms Flashcards

1
Q

equilibrium

A

The sense of balance

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2
Q

gustation

A

The sense of taste; Latin geusis means “taste”

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3
Q

hearing

A

The sense or perception of sound

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4
Q

olfaction

A

The sense of smell; root osm/o means “smell”

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5
Q

proprioception

A

The awareness of posture, movement, and changes in equilibrium; receptors are located in muscles, tendons, and joints

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6
Q

sensory receptor

A

A sensory nerve ending or a specialized structure associated with a sensory nerve that responds to a stimulus

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7
Q

tactile

A

Pertaining to the sense of touch

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8
Q

vision

A

The sense by which the shape, size, and color of objects are perceived by means of the light they give off

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9
Q

auditory tube

A

The tube that connects the middle ear with the nasopharynx and serves to equalize pressure between the outer and middle ear (root: salping/o); pharyngotympanic tube; originally called the eustachian tube

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10
Q

cerumen

A

The brownish, wax-like secretion formed in the external ear canal to protect the ear and prevent infection; adjective: ceruminous

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11
Q

cochlea

A

The coiled portion of the inner ear that contains the receptors for hearing (root: cochle/o)

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12
Q

external auditory canal

A

Tube that extends from the pinna of the ear to the tympanic membrane; external auditory meatus

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13
Q

incus

A

The middle ossicle (small bone) of the ear

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14
Q

labyrinth

A

The inner ear, named for its complex structure, which resembles a maze

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15
Q

malleus

A

The ossicle of the middle ear that is in contact with the tympanic membrane and the incus

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16
Q

ossicles

A

The small bones of the middle ear, the malleus, incus, and stapes

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17
Q

pinna

A

The projecting part of the outer ear; auricle

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18
Q

semicircular canals

A

The three curved channels of the inner ear that hold receptors for equilibrium

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19
Q

spiral organ

A

The hearing receptor, which is located in the cochlea of the inner ear; organ of Corti

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20
Q

stapes

A

The ossicle that is in contact with the inner ear (root: staped, stapedi/o)

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21
Q

tympanic membrane

A

The membrane between the external auditory canal and the middle ear (tympanic cavity); the eardrum. It serves to transmit sound waves to the ossicles of the middle ear (root: myring/o, tympan/o)

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22
Q

vestibular apparatus

A

The portion of the inner ear that is concerned with the sense of equilibrium; consists of the vestibule and the semicircular canals (root: vestibul/o)

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23
Q

vestibule

A

The chamber in the inner ear that holds some of the receptors for equilibrium

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24
Q

vestibulocochlear nerve

A

The nerve that transmits impulses for hearing and equilibrium from the ear to the brain; eighth cranial nerve; auditory or acoustic nerve

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25
Q

acoustic neuroma

A

A tumor of the eighth cranial nerve sheath; although benign, it can press on surrounding tissue and produce symptoms; also called a schwannoma or neurilemmoma

26
Q

Ménière disease

A

A disease associated with increased fluid pressure in the inner ear and characterized by hearing loss, vertigo, and tinnitus

27
Q

otitis externa

A

Inflammation of the external auditory canal; swimmer’s ear

28
Q

otitis media

A

Inflammation of the middle ear with accumulation of serous (watery) or mucoid fluid

29
Q

otosclerosis

A

Formation of abnormal and sometimes hardened bony tissue in the ear. It usually occurs around the oval window and the footplate (base) of the stapes, causing immobilization of the stapes and progressive loss of hearing

30
Q

sensorineural hearing loss

A

Hearing impairment that results from damage to the inner ear, eighth cranial nerve, or auditory pathways in the brain

31
Q

tinnitus

A

A sensation of noises, such as ringing or tinkling, in the ear

32
Q

vertigo

A

An illusion of movement, as of the body moving in space or the environment moving about the body; usually caused by disturbances in the vestibular apparatus. Used loosely to mean dizziness or lightheadedness

33
Q

myringotomy

A

Surgical incision of the tympanic membrane; performed to drain the middle ear cavity or to insert a tube into the tympanic membrane for drainage

34
Q

stapedectomy

A

Surgical removal of the stapes; it may be combined with insertion of a prosthesis to correct otosclerosis

35
Q

mastoid process

A

A small projection of the temporal bone behind the external auditory canal; it consists of loosely arranged bony material and small, air-filled cavities

36
Q

stapedius

A

A small muscle attached to the stapes. It contracts in the presence of a loud sound, producing the acoustic reflex

37
Q

cholesteatoma

A

A cyst-like mass containing cholesterol that is most common in the middle ear and mastoid region; a possible complication of chronic middle ear infection

38
Q

presbycusis

A

Loss of hearing caused by aging; also presbyacusis

39
Q

electronystagmography (ENG)

A

A method for recording eye movements by means of electrical responses; such movements may reflect vestibular dysfunction

40
Q

Rinne test

A

Test that measures hearing by comparing results of bone conduction and air conduction

41
Q

spondee

A

A two-syllable word with equal stress on each syllable; used in hearing tests; examples are toothbrush, baseball, cowboy, pancake

42
Q

Weber test

A

Test for hearing loss that uses a vibrating tuning fork placed at the center of the head

43
Q

accommodation

A

Adjustment of the lens’s curvature to allow for vision at various distances

44
Q

aqueous humor

A

Fluid that fills the eye anterior to the lens

45
Q

choroid

A

The dark, vascular, middle layer of the eye (roots: chori/o, choroid/o); part of the uvea (see below)

46
Q

ciliary body

A

The muscular portion of the uvea that surrounds the lens and adjusts its shape for near and far vision (root: cycl/o)

47
Q

cone

A

A specialized cell in the retina that responds to light; cones have high visual acuity, function in bright light, and respond to colors

48
Q

conjunctiva

A

The mucous membrane that lines the eyelids and covers the eyeball’s anterior surface

49
Q

convergence

A

Coordinated movement of the eyes toward fixation on the same point

50
Q

cornea

A

The clear, anterior portion of the sclera (root: corne/o, kerat/o)

51
Q

fovea

A

The tiny depression in the retina that is the point of sharpest vision; fovea centralis, central fovea

52
Q

iris

A

The muscular colored ring between the lens and the cornea; regulates the amount of light that enters the eye by altering the size of the pupil at its center (roots: ir, irid/o, irit/o) plural: irides

53
Q

lacrimal gland

A

A gland above the eye that produces tears (roots: lacrim/o, dacry/o)

54
Q

lens

A

The transparent, biconvex structure in the anterior portion of the eye that refracts light and functions in accommodation (roots: lent/i, phak/o)

55
Q

macula

A

A small spot or colored area; used alone to mean the yellowish spot in the retina that contains the fovea

56
Q

optic disk

A

The point where the optic nerve joins the retina; at this point there are no rods or cones; also called the blind spot or optic papilla

57
Q

orbit

A

The bony cavity that contains the eyeball

58
Q

palpebra

A

An eyelid; a protective fold (upper or lower) that closes over the anterior surface of the eye (root: palpebr/o, blephar/o; adjective: palpebral; plural: palpebrae)

59
Q

pupil

A

The opening at the center of the iris (root: pupill/o)

60
Q

refraction

A

The bending of light rays as they pass through the eye to focus on a specific point on the retina; also the determination and correction of ocular refractive errors

61
Q

retina

A

The innermost, light-sensitive layer of the eye; contains the rods and cones, the specialized receptor cells for vision (root: retin/o)

Special Senses: Ear and Eye (5 decks)

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