Glossary Terms Flashcards
Termination of a pregnancy by medical or surgical intervention
Induced Abortion
Spontaneous termination of a pregnancy before the 20th week of gestation.
Spontaneous Abortion
Complete expulsion of the entire products of conception
Complete Abortion
Incomplete expulsion of the products of conception. (Retained tissue in the uterus)
Incomplete Abortion
Dilation of the internal cervical os but without yet passage of the products of conception.
Inevitable Abortion
Intrauterine retention of the non-viable products of conception
Missed Abortion
Three or more consecutive first-trimester abortions
Recurrent Abortion
A threatened, inevitable, incomplete, missed or complete abortion complicated by infection.
Septic Abortion
Vaginal bleeding in the presence of a closed cervix and a viable fetus.
(Comment: may occur before fetal heart motion is documented.)
Threatened Abortion
Separation of the normally implated placenta from its uterine attachment after the 20th week of pregnancy and before the birth of the infant. It occurs mainly in the third trimester.
Abruptio placentae
Overgrowth of the terminal parts of the skeletal system after epiphyseal fusion as a result of overproduction of growth hormone.
Acromegaly
Presence of endometrial tissue within the myometrium
Adenomyosis
The uterine appendages, including the fallopian tubes, ovaries and associated ligaments.
Adnexae
A congenital or acquired increase in the number of cells of the adrenal cortex, occurring bilaterally and resulting in excessive secretion of 17-ketosteroids with sighs of virilization.
Adrenal hyperplasia
Absence or cessation of menstruation
Amenorrhea
Failure of menarche to occur by the 16th year of life.
Primary Amenorrhea
Absence of menses for three or more months after menarche
Secondary Amenorrhea
Aspiration of amniotic fluid, usually transabdominally, for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes.
Amniocentesis
The fluid confined by the amnion
Amniotic fluid
A syndrome of androgen insensitivity characteristics by primary amenorrhea, a female phenotype, testes (abdominal or inguinal) instead of ovaries, the absence of a uterus and a male genotype.
Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome
Anemia with an excessive number of megaloblasts in circulation caused primarily by deficiency of folic acid, vitamin B12, or both.
Anemia, megaloblastic
Advanced stage of iron deficiency whereby there is inefficient stored iron to meet the demands of the body. Also called microcytic anemia
Anemia, iron deficiency
Eating disorder characterized by altered body image and marked reduction in the intake of food, caused by psychogenic factors and leading to malnutrition and amenorrhea.
Anorexia nervosa
Irregular uterine bleeding that occurs in the absence of ovulation
Anovulatory bleeding
Before labor or delivery
Antepartum
A physical assessment of the newborn usually performed at 1 and 5 minutes after birth, used to determine the need for resuscitation
Apgar score
An abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity
Ascites
Loss of uterine muscular tonicity, which may result in failure of labor to progress or in postpartum hemorrhage
Atony, uterine
In medicine, a patient=s right to determine what health care she will accept
Autonomy
Sex chromatin masses on the nuclear membrane. The number of Barr bodies is one fewer than the number of X chromosomes in that cell
Barr bodies
Cystic swelling of a Bartholin gland caused by obstruction of its duct.
Bartholin cyst
A pair of glands located at the 4 o=clock and 8 o=clock positions on the vulvo- vaginal rim.
Bartholin glands
The oral temperature at rest, used for detection of ovulation
Basal body temperature
The most common germ cell tumor, consisting of mature elements of all three germ layers (often called dermoid cyst).
Benign cystic teratoma
A physical assessment of the fetus, including ultrasound evaluation of fetal movement, breathing movements, fetal tone, amniotic fluid volume, and electronic fetal heart monitoring.
Biophysical profile
A graph showing a basal body temperature in the luteal phase that is 0.3-1F higher than that of a follicular phase, which indicates that ovulation has occurred.
Biphasic temperature curve
The circulation by which the fetus exchanges nutrients and waste products with the mother.
Blood flow, uteroplacental
Endometrial bleeding that occurs at inappropriate times during the use of hormonal contraceptives.
Breakthrough bleeding
The buttocks (often refers to a fetal presentation).
Breech
The clinical (information obtained before surgery or tissue sampling) and pathological (examination of the tumor microscopically) evaluation of the extent and severity of cancer.
Cancer staging
A neoplasm in which the tumor cells are confined by the basement
Carcinoma in situ
Birth of the fetus through incisions made in the abdomen and uterine wall.
Cesarean delivery
Irregular brownish patches of various sizes that may appear on the face during pregnancy or during the use of oral contraceptives.
Chloasma (mask of pregnancy)
Inflammation of the fetal membranes
Chorioamnionitis
A malignant tumor composed of sheets of cellular and syncytial trophoblast.
Choriocarcinoma
The transcervical or transabdominal sampling of the chorionic villi for cytogenic evaluation of the fetus.
Chorionic villus sampling
The period of life or the syndrome of endocrine, somatic and psychic changes that occur in a woman during the transition from the reproductive to the nonreproductive state.
Climacteric
A ligand, that is in a group of compounds known as selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERM). This ligand stimulates the maturation of follicles and thereby ovulation as a result of its antiestrogenic effect on the hypothalamus.
Clomiphene
Withdrawal of the penis during coitus before ejaculation
Coitus interruptus
A surgical procedure used to repair cystocele.
Anterior Colporrhaphy
A surgical procedure used to repair rectocele
Posterior Colporrhaphy
Examination of the vagina and cervix by means of an instrument that provides low magnification.
Colposcopy
A benign, cauliflower-like growth on the genitalia, caused by human papillomavirus.
Condyloma acuminatum
A cone of cervical tissue excised for histologic examination
Cone biopsy
Prevention of conception
Contraception
A fetal assessment and therapeutic technique in which a needle is passed into an umbilical vessel and blood sampled or treatment given.
Cordocentesis (Percutaneous umbilical blood sampling, PUBS)
A temporary endocrine structure produced at the site of ovulation. It is involved in the production of progesterone.
Corpus luteum
The pouch-like cavity between the rectum and the uterus, formed by a fold of peritoneum.
Cul-de-sac
Needle aspiration of intraperitoneal fluid or blood through a puncture of the posterior vaginal fornix into the cul-de-sac
Culdocentesis
Scraping of the interior of a cavity or other surface with a curette
Curettage
Separate curettage of the endometrium and the endocervix for diagnostic evaluation. Specimens are submitted separately for pathologic examination.
Fractional Curettage
Curettage using a suction catheter.
Suction Curettage
A symptom complex caused by hypersecretion of glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and sex hormones of the adrenal cortex.
Cushing syndrome
Protrusion of the urinary bladder that creates a downward bulging of the anterior vaginal wall as a result of weakening of the pubocervical fascia
Cystocele
A radiogram of the urinary bladder after the injection of a contrast medium
Cystogram
Measurement of the function and capacity of the urinary bladder by pressure- volume studies, often used to diagnose hyperactive bladder
Cystometry
Direct endoscopic inspection of the interior of the urinary bladder
Cystoscopy
Identifiable changes in the endometrium and other tissues in response to the hormonal effects of progesterone
Decidua
See benign cystic teratoma
Dermoid cyst
The physiologic or instrumental opening of the cervix
Dilation
An immunoprotein used for passive immunization to prevent D sensitization of the mother when exposed to fetal red blood cells that may have Rhesus D antigens.
D immunoglobulin [Rh0(D) immunoglogulin]
An intravascular coagulation abnormality originally described in the obstetric complications of abruptio placentae and intrauterine fetal demise.
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC, Consumptive coagulopathy)
The simultaneous availability of two sterile set-ups for either a vaginal or an abdominal delivery.
Double set-up
A malignant solid germ cell tumor of the ovary
Dysgerminoma
Intrauterine growth restriction leading to a small-for-dates baby, associated with placental insufficiency
Dysmaturity
Painful menstruation. May be primary (secondary to production of prostaglandins and other inflammatory mediators causing uterine contractions) or secondary
(associated with an existing condition.)
Dysmenorrhea
Difficult or painful intercourse
Dyspareunia
Abnormal or difficult labor
Dystocia
Painful urination
Dysuria
The convulsive form of preeclampsia-eclampsia syndrome
Eclampsia
A pregnancy located outside the uterine cavity
Ectopic pregnancy
The growth of the columnar epithelium of the endocervix onto the ectocervix.
Ectropion
Thinning or shortening, of the cervix
Effacement
The conceptus from the blastocyst stage to the end of the 8th week.
Embryo
The procedure of obtaining endometrial tissue for diagnostic purposes
Endometrial biopsy
The presence of endometrial implants outside the uterus.
Endometriosis
Instrumental visualization of the interior of a hollow viscus
Endoscopy
herniation of the small intestine into the cul-de-sac, usually accompanied by (and sometime confused with) rectocele
Enterocele
An incision made into the perineum at the time of vaginal delivery.
Episiotomy
The exogenous administration of estrogen or estrogenic substances to overcome a deficiency or absence of the natural hormone.
Estrogen replacement
The continuous and prolonged effect of estrogen on the endometrium, resulting from a lack of progesterone.
Estrogen, unopposed
See Ectropion
Eversion
The removal of all pelvic viscera, including the urinary bladder, the rectum, or both, usually in the setting of advanced cervical malignancy
Exenteration, pelvic
The microscopic pattern of sodium chloride crystals as seen in estrogen stimulated cervical mucus or amniotic fluid
Fern (ferning)
conceptus from 8 weeks until birth
Fetus
Mammary changes characterized by fibrosis and formation of cysts in the fibrous stroma.
Fibrocystic changes (breast)
The preliminary stages of sexual relations, in which the partners usually stimulate each other by kissing, touching, and caressing
Foreplay
A physiologic cyst arising from the Graafian follicle or the corpus luteum.
Functional ovarian cyst
A hormone-producing ovarian neoplasm.
Functioning ovarian tumor
The spontaneous flow of breast milk in the absence of a recent pregnancy
Galactorrhea
An individual=s understanding and feeling of the activity and behavior appropriate to the male or female sex
Gender (sex) role
The congenital absence of ovarian tissue or its presence only as a rudimentary streak.
Gonadal agenesis
The congenitally defective development of the gonads
Gonadal dysgenesis
A glycoprotein hormone that is produced by the syncytiotrophoblast and is immunologically similar to luteinizing hormone (LH).
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
A gonadotropin isolated from the urine of postmenopausal women, consisting primarily of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) with variable amounts of LH, used for ovulation induction.
Human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG)
An endocrine organ compound of the anterior gonadotropin-secreting compound and the posterior oxytocin-secreting compound.
Pituitary gonadotropin
A feminizing, estrogen-producing ovarian tumor
Granulosa cell tumor
A pregnant woman
Gravida
The pregnant state, or the total number of pregnancies a woman has had, including the current pregnancy
Gravidity
Blood in the peritoneal cavity
Hemoperitoneum
A person who exhibits characteristics of both sexes. A true hermaphrodite is characterized by the presence of both ovarian and testicular tissue
Hermaphrodite
The development of various degrees of hair growth of male type and distribution in a woman.
Hirsutism
Estrogen and progestin replacement therapy
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT)
A vasomotor symptom characterized by transient hot sensations that involve chiefly the upper part of the thorax, neck, and head, frequently followed by sweats, and associated with cessation of diminution in the ovarian secretion of estrogen
Hot flushes (flashes)
A pathologic condition of pregnancy characterized by the hydropic degeneration of the chorionic villi and variable degrees of trophoblastic proliferation.
Hydatidiform mole
Excessive amounts (more than 2 liters) of amniotic fluid at term
Hydramnios
The abnormal proliferation of the endometrium with a marked increase in the number of glands or cystic dilation of glands. These changes may be related to prolonged unopposed estrogen stimulation
Hyperplasia, endometrial
A condition of subnormal estrogen production with resultant atrophy of failure of development of estrogen-dependent tissues
Hypoestrogenism
A deficiency (usually <100 mg%) of circulating fibrinogen that may be seen in conditions such as abruptio placentae, amniotic fluid embolism and fetal death, in which the fibrinogen is consumed by disseminated intravascular coagulation.
Hypofibrinogenemia
The subnormal production of hormones by the gonads
Hypogonadism
The removal of the uterine corpus and cervix through an incision made in the abdominal wall
Abdominal Hysterectomy
The removal of the uterine corpus, cervix, and parametrium, with dissection of the ureters; usually combined with pelvic lymphadenectomy
Radical Hysterectomy
The combination of laparoscopy with vaginal surgery techniques to remove the uterus and frequently the adnexae.
Laparoscopic Assisted Vaginal Hysterectomy (LAVH)
The removal of the uterine corpus, leaving the cervix in situ
Subtotal (supracervical) Hysterectomy
The removal of the uterine corpus and cervix (without regard to tubes or ovaries)
Total Hysterectomy
The removal of the uterus through the vagina
Vaginal Hysterectomy
Roentgenography of the uterus and tubes after injection of radiopaque contrast medium through the cervix. It is useful in ascertaining irregularities of the uterine cavity and patency of the fallopian tubes
Hysterosalpingography
The transcervical endoscopic visualization of the endometrial cavity
Hysteroscopy
Surgical incision of the wall of the uterus.
Hysterotomy
Failure of a lumen to develop at a point where the budding vagina arises from the urogenital sinus.
Imperforate hymen
The inability to achieve or sustain penile erection
Impotence
The inability to achieve pregnancy with regular intercourse and no contraception within a stipulated period of time, often considered to be 1 year
Infertility
The space in the placenta in which maternal blood bathes chorionic villi, allowing the exchange of materials between the fetal and maternal circulations
Intervillous space
A benign mammary tumor, often multiple, occurring predominantly in parous women at or shortly before menopause. It is typically located beneath the areola and is often associated with bleeding from the nipple
Intraductal papilloma
A device inserted into the uterine cavity for contraception
Intrauterine device (IUD)
Intrauterine death of a fetus. For purposes of vital statistics a fetal death prior to 500 gramss is usually classified as an abortus.
Intrauterine Fetal Demise (IUFD, stillbirth)
Intrauterine growth restriction leading to a small-for- dates baby, associated with placental insufficiency.
Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR)
Introduction of the penis into the vagina
Intromission
Ensuring or maintaining what is considered to be just or fair according to predetermined criteria.
Justice
A photographic reproduction of the chromosomes of a cell in metaphase, arranged according to a standard classification
Karyotype
The process of expulsion of the fetus from the uterus
Labor
Labor that is initiated artificially
Induced Labor
Labor that is stimulated, usually with oxytocin
Stimulated (augmented) Labor
A polypeptide hormone that is produced by the syncytiotrophoblast, is similar to prolactin and somatotropin from the pituitary, and is involved in carbohydrate metabolism by the mother and fetus.
Lactogen, human placental (hPL)
The transabdominal endoscopic examination of the peritoneal cavity and its contents after inducing pneumoperitoneum.
Laparoscopy
A benign tumor derived from smooth muscle.
Leiomyoma (fibroid)
An uncommon malignant tumor of smooth muscle
Leiomyosarcoma
LEEP (Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure) is also known as large loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ). LEEP uses a thin, low-voltage electrified wire loop to cut out abnormal cervical tissue to treat cervical dysplasia
LEEP
An imprecise clinical term usually referring to white lesions of the vulva
Leukoplakia
The muscular sheet, consisting of the iliococcygeus, pubococcygeus, and puborectalis muscles, which forms most of the pelvic floor (pelvic diaphragm) and supports the pelvic viscera.
Levator muscle
Sexual desire or urge
Libido
The relationship of the long axis of the fetus to the long axis of the mother. Examples are longitudinal, transverse, and oblique
Lie
The dense connective tissue that represents the union of the base of the broad ligament to the supravaginal portion of the cervix and laterally to the sides of the pelvis. It is considered to be the primary support of the uterus
Cardinal Ligament
The peritoneal folds containing connective tissue, autonomic nerves, and involuntary muscle, arising on each side of the posterior wall of the uterus at about the level of the internal cervical ox and passing backward toward the rectum, around which they extend to their insertion on the sacral wall. It is considered to play an important part in axial support of the uterus.
Uterosacral Ligament
The surgical or mechanical interruption of the continuity of the fallopian tubes for the purpose of permanent contraception
Ligation, tubal
Last menstrual period
LMP
Last normal menstrual period
LNMP
Inflammation of the breast
Mastitis
Sexual stimulation by manipulation of the genitals
Masturbation
The ratio of parabasal to intermediate to superficial vaginal epithelial cells (eg, 0/20/80) which is an indication of estrogen effect.
Maturation index
the condition of the fetus weighing 2,500 g or more
Maturity
Rupture of the amniotic membranes before the onset of labor.
Membranes, premature rupture of (PROM)
The onset of the menses
Menarche
The permanent cessation of the menses, caused by ovarian failure or removal of the ovaries..
Menopause
Excessive or prolonged uterine bleeding occurring at regular intervals
Menorrhagia
A reversible change in which one adult cell type is replaced by another cell type. The most common type of epithelial metaplasia is the replacement of columnar cells by stratified epithelium (squamous metaplasia).
Metaplasia
Uterine bleeding occurring at times other than the expected menses; for example, intermenstrual bleeding
Metrorrhagia
An imaginary plane that passes through the pelvis and is defined by three points; the inferior margin of the symphysis pubis and the tips of the ischial spines on either side. The plane usually includes the smallest dimensions of the pelvis
Midpelvis
A fatal outcome
Mortality
Death of the conceptus between >500 grams and birth
Fetal Mortality
Death of a fetus before birth. For purposes of perinatal vital statistics the fetus must be over 20 weeks gestational age or over 500 grams in weight.
Stillbirth (Intrauterine fetal demise)
Death of the mother
Maternal Mortality
Death of the infant in the first 28 days of life.
Neonatal Mortality
Death of the fetus or neonate between 20 weeks of gestation and 28 days after birth. It is the sum of stillbirths and neonatal deaths
Perinatal Mortality
The presence in an individual of cells of different chromosomal constitutions
Mosaicism
The secretion of the cervical mucous glands; its quality and quantity are
influenced by estrogen and progesterone. Estrogen makes it abundant and clear, (which is called Spinnbarkeit) and a fern pattern on drying. Progesterone makes it scant, opaque, and cellular without a fern pattern on microscopic examination.
Mucus, cervical
Referring to the first 28 days of life
Neonatal
Evaluation of the fetus by electronic fetal heart monitoring, not in labor.
Nonstress test (NST)
Infrequent menstruation
Oligomenorrhea
The climax of sexual excitement
Orgasm
Atrophy of bone caused by demineralization
Osteoporosis
Stimulation of ovulation by artificial means
Ovulation, induction of
An octapeptide formed in the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior lobe of the pituitary. It has stimulant effects on the smooth muscle of the uterus and the mammary glands
Oxytocin
A cytologic smear of exfoliated cells (for example, from the cervix, endometrial cavity, or vagina) used in the early detection of cancer or for evaluation of a patient’s hormonal status.
Papanicolaou smear (Pap smear)
The number of pregnancies of a particular woman in which the fetus is over 20 weeks gestation prior to delivery.
Parity
The floor or sling for the pelvic structures, located at the level of the pelvic outlet. The most important structures are the levator ani muscle and fascial sheaths
Pelvic floor
An infection of the pelvic viscera, usually by ascending routes. The likely etiologic pathogens include: Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, and other anaerobic and aerobic organisms.
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
An imaginary plane passing through the pelvis that represents the upper boundary of the true pelvis. It is bounded posteriorly by the promontory and alae of the sacrum, laterally by the linea terminalis, and anteriorly by the horizontal rami of the pubic bones and the upper margin of the symphysis pubis.
Pelvic inlet
Laparoscopic surgery using multiple small incisions, specialized instruments and techniques.
Pelviscopic Surgery
See cordocentesis
Percutaneous umbilical blood sampling, PUBS
Pertaining to the combination of fetal and neonatal periods, considered to begin after 20 weeks of gestation and to end 28 days after birth
Perinatal
Plastic repair of the perineum
Perineorrhaphy
The pelvic floor and associated structures occupying the pelvic outlet
Perineum
A device placed in the vagina or uterus to support the uterus.
Pessary
A condition in which the placenta is located in the lower portion of the uterus and covers part or all of the internal os
Placenta previa
Previous menstrual period
PMP
The presence of air in the peritoneal cavity
Pneumoperitoneum
A syndrome of secondary oligomenorrhea and infertility associated with multiple follicle cysts of the ovary and failure to ovulate.
Polycystic ovary syndrome (Stein-Leventhal syndrome)
Cyclical uterine bleeding that is normal in amount but occurs at <24 days apart
Polymenorrhea
The relationship of a designated point on the presenting part of the fetus to the maternal pelvis (example: left occiput anterior [LOA])
Position
Bleeding from the uterus, cervix, or vagina that occurs after the menopause.
Postmenopausal bleeding
After delivery or childbirth
Postpartum
Pregnancy prolonged beyond the end of the 42nd week of gestation
Postterm pregnancy
A specific hypertensive disorder of pregnancy with the diagnosis made on the basis of hypertension with proteinuria. It usually occurs after the 20th week of pregnancy
Preeclampsia
An infant born before 37 completed weeks (260 days) of pregnancy
Prematurity
A complex of symptoms occurring in the progestational phase of the menstrual cycle.
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
The portion of the body of the fetus that is coming first in the birth canal. Examples include vertex, breech, and shoulder presentation.
Presentation
The portion of the fetus that is felt through the cervix on vaginal examination. The presenting part determines the presentation
Presenting part
A woman who is pregnant for the first time
Primigravida
A condition in which the umbilical cord precedes the presenting part of the fetus
Cord Prolapse
Prolapse of the uterus, usually due to the loss of supporting structures. It is related to injuries of childbirth, advanced age, or congenital weakness
Uterine Prolapse
False pregnancy, in which some of the signs and symptoms of pregnancy are present, although no conception has taken place.
Pseudocyesis
The period between the beginning of the development of secondary sexual characteristics and the completion of somatic growth.
Puberty
The lack of appearance of secondary sexual characteristics by age 14
Delayed Puberty
The appearance of secondary sexual characteristics before 7.5 years of age.
Precocious Puberty
The period after delivery in which the reproductive tract returns to its normal, nonpregnant condition, generally 6-8 weeks
Puerperium
The first perception by the mother of fetal movement, usually between the 16th and 20th week of gestation.
Quickening
Protrusion of the rectum through the supporting structures of the posterior vaginal wall.
Rectocele
The retrograde flow of uterine or tubal contents into the abdominal cavity
Reflux, tubal
A method of contraception in which coitus is avoided when ovulation is likely.
Rhythm (periodic abstinence)
An acute exanthematous viral disease that may cause fetal malformation if contracted during the first trimester of pregnancy.
Rubella (German measles)
Surgical removal of fallopian tube
Salpingectomy
Surgical removal of a fallopian tube and ovary
Salpingo-oophorectomy
The application of a solution of iodine to the cervix. The iodine is taken up by the glycogen in normal vaginal epithelium, giving it a brown appearance. Areas lacking in glycogen are white or whitish yellow, as in leukoplakia or cancer. Although nonstaining areas are not diagnostic of cancer, they aid in choosing the spot to which a biopsy should be directed
Schiller test
The physical changes that have occurred in response to endocrine changes during puberty.
Secondary sexual characteristics
The evaluation of the components of semen, especially spermatozoa, as a means of evaluating male fertility
Semen analysis
Sexual disinterest, unresponsiveness or aversion
Sexual dysfunction
The physiologic and psychologic expression of sexual behavior. The periods of infancy, adolescence, adulthood, and the postclimacteric state each have characteristic manifestations of sexuality.
Sexuality
A test for infertility in which cervical mucus is aspirated after coitus and examined for quality and presence or absence of infection. The motility, normality, and number of sperm are noted.
Sim-Huhner test (post coital test)
The vestibular glands that open into and around the urethra
Skene glands
See Lactogen, human placental
Somatomammotropin, chorionic
In obstetrics and gynecology, a diagnostic aid in which high-frequency sound waves are used to image pelvic structures in pregnant and non- pregnant parties.
Sonography (ultrasonography, ultrasound)
The ability of the cervical mucus to be drawn out into thread, characteristically
greater in the preovulatory and ovulatory phases of the menstrual cycle.
Spinnbarkeit
The location of the fetal presenting part (leading bony point) relative to the level of the ischial spines. Station + 2 means the presenting part is 2 cm below the ischial spines. Station - 1 means the presenting part is 1 cm above the ischial spines
Station
The absolute inability to procreate
Sterility
The involuntary leakage of urine during an increase in intraabdominal pressure as a result of weakness of the supports of the internal vesical sphincter and bladder neck.
Stress incontinence
Streaks or lines seen on the abdominal skin of a pregnant woman
Striae gravidarum
A hypotensive syndrome often characterized by sweating, nausea, and tachycardia. It occurs in some pregnant women in the supine position when the pregnant uterus obstructs venous return to heart.
Supine hypotensive syndrome
An agent or factor that produces physical defects in the developing embryo
Teratogen
A functioning ovarian tumor composed of theca cells
Thecoma
The onset of development of breast
Thelarche
A period of three months. The period of gestation is divided into three units of three calendar months each. Some important obstetric events may be conveniently categorized by trimesters.
Trimester
The epithelium of the chorion, including the covering of the placental villi. It comprises a cellular layer (cytotrophoblast) and syncytium (syncytiotrophoblast).
Trophoblast
The enlarged sebaceous glands of the areolae of the mammary glands during late pregnancy and lactation.
Tubercles, Montgomery
See Sonography
Ultrasonography
See Sonography
Ultrasound
Protrusion of the urethra through the supporting structure of the anterior wall.
Urethrocele
The surgical interruption of the ductus (vas) deferens for permanent contraception
Vasectomy
Vaginal birth after cesarean delivery
VBAC
The condition of a fetus weighing 500 g or more; the ability to live independently outside of the uterus.
Viability
The development of masculine traits in a female
Virilization
Uterine bleeding after the interruption of hormonal support of the endometrium.
Withdrawal bleeding
