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Traffic Signal Technician Level One > Glossary Terms > Flashcards

Glossary Terms Flashcards

1
Q

a device that communicates information about pedestrian timing in non-visual format such as audible tones, verbal messages, and/or vibrating surfaces

A

Accessible Pedestrian Signal

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2
Q

the flashing-light signals, with or without warning gates, together with the necessary control equipment used to inform road users of the approach or presence of trains at highway-rail grade crossings or highway-light rail transit grade crossings

A

Active Grade Crossing Warning System

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3
Q

a sensor that transmits energy, a portion of which is reflected or scattered from a vehicle or other objects and surfaces in its detection zone, back toward the receiving aperture of the sensor

A

Active Sensor

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4
Q

a traffic signal controller that receives information from vehicle and/or pedestrian sensors and provides appropriate signal timing

A

Actuated Controller

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5
Q

a type of traffic control signal operation in which some or all signal phases are operated on the basis of actuation

A

Actuated Operation

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6
Q

initiation of a change in or extension of a traffic signal phase through the operation of any type of detector

A

Actuation

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7
Q

a standardized effort intended to provide an architecture hardware and software platform that can support a wide variety of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) applications including traffic management, safety, security and others

A

Advanced Transportation Controller (ATC)

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8
Q

a current that reverses its magnitude and direction of flow at regular intervals. The rate is expressed in hertz (cycles per second)

A

Alternating Current (ac)

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9
Q

a standardized wire gauge system used since 1857 for the diameters of round, solid, nonferrous, electrically conducting wire

A

American Wire Gauge (AWG)

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10
Q

requirements ensuring equal opportunity for persons with disabilities in employment, State and local government services, public accommodations, commercial facilities, and transportation

A

Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA)

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11
Q

the unit expressing the rate of flow of electrons through a conductor. One of these is the current flowing through a 1-ohm resistance with 1-volt pressure

A

Ampere

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12
Q

an electronic design that uses continuously varying voltages, rather than discrete digital values

A

Analog

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13
Q

all lanes of traffic moving towards an intersection of a midblock location from one direction, including any adjacent parking lane(s)

A

Approach

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14
Q

a main street generally considered to be a thoroughfare with preferential right-of-way

A

Arterial

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15
Q

separate devices used to add supplementary features to a controller assembly

A

Auxiliary Equipment

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16
Q

a day representing traffic volumes normally and repeatedly found at a location; typically a weekday when volumes are influenced by employment or a weekend day when volumes are influenced by entertainment or recreation

A

Average Day

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17
Q

a board within the controller cabinet upon which are mounted field terminals, fuse receptacles or circuit breakers, and other portions of the controller assembly not included in the controller unit or auxiliary devices

A

Back Panel

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18
Q

cycle length run at the master controller that, once at the start of the cycle, outputs the system reference to the local controllers. May also be run at a controller operating TBC, which supervises the actuated operation of the intersection

A

Background Cycle

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19
Q

through or green elapsed time between the first and last possible vehicle permitted through an intersection on a progressive coordination system

A

Band (Green Band)

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20
Q

a highway traffic signal with one or more signal sections that operates in a flashing mode

A

Beacon

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21
Q

a group of separately insulated conductors wrapped together and covered with an outer jacket

A

Cable

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22
Q

manages more than 45,000 miles of California’s highway and freeway lanes, provides inter-city rail services, permits more than 400 public-use airports and special-use hospital heliports, and works with local agencies

A

California Department of Transportation (Caltrans)

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23
Q

a registration of a demand for right-of-way by traffic at a controller unit. It comes to the controller from a traffic flow sensor that is outputting an actuation

A

Call

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24
Q

since 1927, the Canadian Standards Association’s (CSA) Canadian Electrical Code has provided the signature standards for addressing shock and fire hazards of electrical products in Canada which is regularly updated to address changing technology and operating conditions

A

Canadian Electrical Code, CE Code (CEC), or CSA C22.1 code

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25
Q

also known as variable message sign (VMS) and dynamic message sign (DMS). These are traffic control devices used for the traffic warning, regulation, routing and management, and are designed to affect the behavior of motorists (thus improve the flow of traffic) by providing real-time highway related information

A

Changeable Message Sign

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26
Q

a closed path followed by an electric current

A

circuit

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27
Q

a coiled conductor, wound on a form or core, which uses electromagnetic induction to cause changes in a current

A

Coil

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28
Q

a medium for transmitting electrical current. It consists of copper or other electrically conductive materials

A

Conductor

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29
Q

a device used to detect and respond to improper or conflicting signal indications and improper operating voltages in a traffic controller assembly. Monitors ‘faults’ in controller operation (such as conflicting phases), monitors condition of controller (voltage and programming)

A

Conflict Monitor Unit (CMU)

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30
Q

two or more traffic phases which will cause interfering (conflicting) traffic movements if operated concurrently

A

Conflicting Phases

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31
Q

a complete electrical device in a cabinet for controlling the operation of a highway traffic signal

A

Controller Assembly

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32
Q

that part of a controller assembly that is devoted to the selection and timing of the display of signal indications. Also referred to as the Dispatcher or Timer. Another controller class standardizes hardware modules and uses specialized software to implement traffic management functions

A

Controller Unit

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33
Q

the adverse interaction of any channel of a sensor or sensor electronics unit with any other channel in that or another device. This can occur via mutual coupling of magnetic fields in nearby inductive loops

A

Crosstalk

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34
Q

any portion of a roadway at an intersection or elsewhere distinctly indicated as a pedestrian crossing by lines on the surface, which may be supplemented by a contrasting pavement texture, style or color

A

Crosswalk

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35
Q

the time required for one complete sequence of signal indications

A

Cycle Length

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36
Q

the lack of all signal indications at a signalized location. It is most commonly associated with power failures, ramp meters, beacons, and some moveable bridge signals

A

Dark Mode

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37
Q

the request for service. Example: one or more vehicles desiring to use a given segment of roadway during a specified unit of time

A

Demand

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38
Q

a mode of operation whereby the service provided at an intersection reflects the presence of demand for that service without regard to background cycles

A

Demand Operation

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39
Q

a measure of the concentration of vehicles, stated as the number of vehicles per mile per lane

A

Density

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40
Q

established in 1966 as a federal Cabinet department of the US government concerned with transportation. Its mission is to serve the US by ensuring a fast, safe, efficient, accessible and convenient transportation system that meets our vital national interests and enhances the quality of life of the American people, today and into the future

A

Department of Transportation (DOT)

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41
Q

that area of the roadway within which a vehicle will be detected by a vehicle sensor. Also called the zone of detection, sensing zone, area of detection, detection area, effective loop area, field of influence, field of view, or footprint

A

Detection Zone

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42
Q

a device used for determining the presence or passage of vehicles or pedestrians

A

Detector

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43
Q

an electronic device that energizes the wire loop(s), monitors the loop(s) inductance by filtering and amplifying the signals it receives, and responds to a predetermined decrease in inductance with an output that indicates the passage or presence of vehicles in the detection zone

A

Detector Amplifier (or Electronics Unit)

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44
Q

an electric current that is time-independent or, by extension, periodic current the direct component of which is of primary importance

A

Direct Current

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45
Q

a type of signal section designed to include both a yellow arrow and a green arrow

A

Dual-Arrow Signal Section

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46
Q

a special traffic control signal that assigns the right-of-way to an authorized emergency vehicle

A

Emergency Vehicle Traffic Control Signal

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47
Q

prohibits specific types of job discrimination in certain workplaces

A

Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO)

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48
Q

a device used to turn highway traffic signal indications on and off at a repetitive rate of approximately once per second

A

Flasher

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49
Q

a mode of operation in which at least one traffic signal indication in each vehicular signal face of a highway traffic signal is turned on and off repetitively

A

Flashing Mode

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50
Q

is a radar system where a known stable frequency continuous wave energy is modulated by a triangular modulation signal so that it varies gradually and then mixes with the signal reflected from a target object (vehicle) with this transmit signal to produce detection

A

Frequency-Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW)

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51
Q

a type of traffic control signal operation in which all signal phases function on the basis of actuation

A

Fully-Actuated Operation

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52
Q

a type of conduit used in traffic signals installations (typically in drilling installations), made of a dense, economical, hydrocarbon-plastic having good moisture barrier and chemical resistance but low gas barrier properties

A

High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) or Polyethylene High-Density (PEHD)

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53
Q

a power operated traffic control device by which traffic is warned or directed to take some specific action. These devices do not include signals at toll plazas, power operated signs, illuminated pavement markers, warning lights, or steady-burn electric lamps

A

Highway Traffic Signal

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54
Q

an international educational and scientific association of transportation professionals who are responsible for meeting mobility and safety needs. It facilitates the application of technology and scientific principles to research, planning, functional design, implementation, operation, policy development and management for any mode of transportation

A

Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE)

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55
Q

improves transportation safety and mobility and enhances productivity through the use of advanced information and communications technologies. It encompasses a broad range of wireless and wire line communications-based information and electronics technologies

A

Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS)

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56
Q

dedicated to providing quality certification programs for the safe installation, operation and maintenance of public safety systems; delivering value for members by providing the latest information and education in the industry

A

International Municipal Signal Association (IMSA)

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57
Q

a) the area embraced within the prolongation or connection of the lateral curb lines, or if none, the lateral boundary lines of the roadways of two highways that join one another at, or approximately at, right angles, or the area within which vehicles traveling on different highways that join at any other angle might come into conflict; b) the junction of an alley or driveway with a roadway or highway shall not constitute an intersection

A

Intersection

58
Q

a beacon used only at an intersection to control two or more directions of travel

A

Intersection Control Beacon

59
Q

the part if a signal cycle during which signal indications do not change

A

Interval

60
Q

the order of appearance of signal indications during successive intervals of a signal cycle

A

Interval Sequence

61
Q

a signal face displaying signal indications to permit or prohibit the use of specific lanes of a roadway, or to indicate the impending prohibition of such use

A

Lane-Use Control Signal

62
Q

a solid state device embodying a PN junction, emitting optical radiation when excited by an electric current. It is a PN junction semiconductor device that, by spontaneous emission, emits incoherent optical radiation by injecting electrons and/or holes across the PN junction

A

Light-Emitting Diode (LED)

63
Q

a selectable feature of the circuit design for a controller phase, whereby the call of a vehicle arriving on the red (or yellow) is remembered or held by the controller after the vehicle leaves the detection area until it has been satisfied by the display of a green interval to that phase

A

Locking Detection Memory

64
Q

an active sensor composed, in part, of one or more loops of wire whose inductance decreases in response to the passage or presence of a vehicle in the detection zone of the loops

A

Loop Detector

65
Q

a passive device that senses changes in the Earth’s magnetic field caused by the movement of a ferrous-metal vehicle in or near its detection zone. It is placed under or in the roadway to detect the passage of a vehicle over the sensor. These sensors generally detect only moving vehicles. Also known as induction and search coil magnetometers

A

Magnetic Detector

66
Q

the street normally carrying the higher volume of vehicular traffic

A

Major Street

67
Q

device used to continually check for the presence of conflicting signal indications and other malfunctions and to provide an output response to conflict or malfunction. It is an advanced type of conflict monitor that also communicates and monitors controller function

A

Malfunction Management Unit (MMU)

68
Q

defines the standards used by road managers nationwide to install and maintain traffic control devices on all streets and highways. It is published by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) under 23 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Part 655, Subpart F

A

Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD)

69
Q

defines the standards used by road managers nationwide to install and maintain traffic control devised on all streets and highways in Canada

A

Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Canada (MUTCDC)

70
Q

a control device for supervising and monitoring a system of secondary (local) controllers, maintaining definite time interrelationships and/or accomplishing other supervisory functions. In the case of traffic responsive operation, it generally includes computation equipment and recording equipment

A

Master

71
Q

a packaged circuit or device easily removed without tools and contains a specified function. Frequently is duplicated to handle similar functions in different areas such as phase modules, load switch modules, etc

A

Module

72
Q

a device used by power companies to measure very high resistance to earth ground

A

Megger (MegOhm Meter)

73
Q

one million ohms, which is the unit of electrical resistance

A

Megohm

74
Q

the street normally carrying the lower volume of vehicular traffic

A

Minor Street

75
Q

is a standard that governs the use of electrical wire, cable, and fixtures and electrical and optical communications cable installed in buildings. It was developed by the NEC Committee of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) was sponsored by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), and is identified by the description ANSI/NFPA 70-XXXX, the last four digits representing the year of the NEC revision

A

National Electrical Code (NEC) or NFPA 70

76
Q

is a trade association of choices for the electrical manufacturing industry. Founded in 1926 and headquartered near Washington D.C., its approximately 450 member companies manufacture products used in the generation, transmission and distribution, control and end-use of electricity. These products are used in utility, medical imaging, industrial, commercial, institutional and resicential applications

A

National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA)

77
Q

a mode of actuated controller unit operation that does not require memory. In this mode of operation, the call of a vehicle arriving on the red (or yellow) is forgotten or dropped by the controller as soon as the vehicle leaves the detection area

A

Non-Locking Memory

78
Q

the percentage of time a sensor’s detection zone is occupied. It is a pseudo-measure of density on a roadway

A

Occupancy

79
Q

the time difference, or interval in seconds or percentage of cycle length, between the start of the green indication of the coordinated phase and the system reference signal

A

Offset

80
Q

the ability of a vehicle sensor to detect the passage of a vehicle moving through the detection zone and to ignore the presence of a vehicle stopped within the detection zone

A

Passage Detection

81
Q

an interval during which the flashing UPRAISED HAND (symbolizing DONT WALK) signal indication is displayed. When a verbal message is provided at an accessible pedestrian signal, the verbal message is ‘wait’

A

Pedestrian Change Interval

82
Q

the time provided for a pedestrian crossing in a crosswalk, after leaving the curb or shoulder, to travel to the far side of the traveled way or to a median

A

Pedestrian Clearance Time

83
Q

a signal head, which contains the symbols WALKING PERSON (symbolizing WALK) and UPRAISED HAND (symbolizing DONT WALK) that is installed to direct pedestrian traffic at a traffic control signal

A

Pedestrian Signal Head

84
Q

a mode of traffic control signal operation in which, when a CIRCULAR GREEN signal indication is displayed, left or right turns are permitted to be made after yielding to pedestrians and/or oncoming traffic

A

Permissive Mode

85
Q

it has two different meanings in traffic signal terminology: 1) NEMA - a vehicular (blank) is a (blank) that is allocated to one specific vehicular traffic movement (eastbound through traffic as timed by a dual ring controller unit). 2) Traditional - a part of the cycle allocated to any specific traffic movement receiving the right-of-way or to any combination of traffic movements receiving the right-of-way simultaneously during one or more intervals

A

Phase

86
Q

predetermined order in which the phases of a cycle occur

A

Phase Sequence

87
Q

a group of vehicles or pedestrians traveling together as a group, either voluntarily or involuntarily, because of traffic signal controls, geometrics, or other factors

A

Platoon

88
Q

a type of conduit used in traffic signal installation, it is a thermoplastic material. Thermoplastic materials are those that can be melted again and again. (Blank) is commonly used in the construction, industrial, and healthcare sector

A

Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)

89
Q

the transfer of normal operation of a traffic control signal to a special control mode of operation

A

Preemption Control

90
Q

the ability of a vehicle sensor to detect a moving or stopped vehicle in its detection zone

A

Presence Detection

91
Q

an inductive loop detector that is capable of detecting the presence of a standing or moving vehicle in any portion of the effective loop area (ITE)

A

Presence Loop Detector

92
Q

a type of traffic control signal operation in which none of the signal phases function on the basis of actuation

A

Pretimed Operation

93
Q

a means by which the assignment of right-of-way is obtained or modified

A

Priority Control

94
Q

a mode of traffic control signal operation in which left or right turns are permitted to be made when a left or right GREEN ARROW signal indication is displayed

A

Protected Mode

95
Q

a button to activate predestrian timing

A

Pushbutton

96
Q

a repeating sound that informs approaching pedestrians that they are required to push a button to actuate pedestrian timing and that enables pedestrians who have visual disabilities to locate the pushbutton

A

Pushbutton Locator Tone

97
Q

number of vehicles stopped or slowly moving in a line, where the movement of each vehicle is constrained by that of the lead vehicle

A

Queue Length

98
Q

a highway traffic signal installed to control the flow of traffic onto a freeway at an entrance ramp or at a freeway-to-freeway ramp connection

A

Ramp Control Signal

99
Q

see Ramp Control Signal

A

Ramp Meter

100
Q

an operational mode for an actuated controller whereby a phase, either vehicle or pedestrian, is displayed each cycle whether demand exists for it or not. It is placed into operation usually in a temporary or emergency situation

A

Recall

101
Q

an optional interval that follows a yellow change interval and precedes the next conflicting green interval

A

Red Clearance Interval

102
Q

the permitting of vehicles and or pedestrians to proceed in a lawful manner in preference to other vehicles or pedestrians by the display of signal indications

A

Right-of-Way (Assignment)

103
Q

two or more sequentially timed and individually selected conflicting phases so arranged as to occur in an established order

A

Ring

104
Q

a geographical arrangement of intersecting roadways

A

Roadway Network

105
Q

a type of traffic control signal operation in which at least one, but not all, signal phases function on the basis of actuation

A

Semi-actuated Operation

106
Q

a signal face, for controlling a left turn movement that sometimes displays a different color of circular signal indication than the adjacent through signal faces display

A

Separate Left-Turn Signal Face

107
Q

a signal face, for controlling both a left turn movement and the adjacent through movement that always displays the same color of circular signal indication that the adjacent through signal face or faces display

A

Shared Left-Turn Signal Face

108
Q

a thin strip of material that extends outward from and parallel to a signal face on all sides of a signal housing to provide a background for improved visibility of the signal indications

A

Signal Backplate

109
Q

the establishment of timed relationships between adjacent traffic control signals

A

Signal Coordination

110
Q

that part of a traffic control signal provided for controlling one or more traffic movements on a single approach

A

Signal Face

111
Q

an assembly of one or more signal sections

A

Signal Head

112
Q

that part of a signal section that protects the light source and other required components

A

Signal Housing

113
Q

the illumination of a signal lens or equivalent device

A

Signal Indicaiton

114
Q

that part of the signal section that redirects the light coming directly from the light source and its reflector, if any

A

Signal Lens

115
Q

a device that can be mounted inside a signal visor to restrict visibility of a signal indication from the side or to limit visibility of the signal indication to a certain lane or lanes, or to a certain distance from the stop line

A

Signal Louver

116
Q

the right-of-way, yellow change, and red clearance intervals in a cycle that are assigned to an independent traffic movement or combination of movements

A

Signal Phase

117
Q

the assembly of a signal housing, signal lens, and light source with necessary components to be used for providing one signal indication

A

Signal Section

118
Q

two or more traffic control signals operating in signal coordination

A

Signal System

119
Q

the amount of time allocated for the display of a signal indication

A

Signal Timing

120
Q

the part of a signal section that directs the signal indication specifically to approaching traffic and reduces the effect of direct external light entering the signal lens

A

Signal Visor

121
Q

a threshold condition that, if found to be satisfied as part of an engineering study, shall result in analysis of other traffic conditions or factors to determine whether a traffic control signal or other equipment is justified

A

Signal Warrant

122
Q

a beacon used to supplement a SPEED LIMIT sign

A

Speed Limit Sign Beacon

123
Q

a division of the cycle length allocated to each of the various phases (normally expressed in percent)

A

Split

124
Q

serving an intersection one approach at a time

A

Split Phasing

125
Q

the continuous illumination of a signal indication for the duration of an interval, signal phase, or consecutive phases

A

Steady (Steady Mode)

126
Q

a beacon used to supplement a STOP sign, a DO NOT ENTER sign, or a WRONG WAY sign

A

Stop Beacon

127
Q

any fitting used for making a convenient electrical connection

A

Terminal

128
Q

control systems in which basic coordination is provided by a highly accurate real time clock within the traffic signal controller. This information is used to determine the local signal timing of offset and cycle/split or actuated timing based on the Time-of-Day/Day-of-Week. Also called time-based coordinated control

A

Time-Based Coordination

129
Q

timing plans which are pre-developed based upon traffic counts taken on the roadways. Signal timing usually has a minimum of three different timing plans, those being the A.M. (morning) peak period, P.M. (evening) peak period, and off-peak period

A

Time-of-Day (TOD)

130
Q

any highway traffic signal by which traffic is alternately directed to stop and permitted to proceed

A

Traffic Control Signal (Traffic Signal)

131
Q

is a national association with a mission to promote the provision of safe, secure, efficient, effective, and environmentally and financially sustainable transportation services in support of Canada’s social and economic goals

A

Transportation Assciation of Canada (TAC)

132
Q

This publication contains specifications for transportation electrical equipment with focus on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). Included are specifications for the following type of equipment: general, enhanced controller unit and associated modules, auxiliary and ITS cabinet units, detector sensor units, elements and isolator models, ITS cabinet assembly, and peripheral and controller

A

Transportation Electrical Equipment Specifications (TEES)

133
Q

two insulated conductors twisted together with each end marked for identification

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Twisted Pair

134
Q

controller design feature that adjusts the duration of initial interval for the number of vehicles in the queue

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Variable Initial Interval

135
Q

a device that communicates, by touch, information about pedestrian timing using a vibrating surface

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Vibrotactile Pedestrian Device

136
Q

a type of signal face or signal section designed (or shielded, hooded, or louvered) to restrict the visibility of a signal indication from the side, to a certain lane or lanes, or to a certain distance from the stop line

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Visibility-Limited Signal Face or Signal Section

137
Q

a measurement of how many volts of alternating current are being carried, Alternating current is current which constantly changes in amplitude, and which reverses direction at regualr intervals

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Volts of Alternating Current (VAC - for 120 VAC)

138
Q

an interval during which the WALKING PERSON (symbolizing WALK) signal indication is displayed. When a verbal message is provided at an accessible pedestrian signal, the verbal message is ‘walk sign’

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Walk Interval

139
Q

a beacon used only to supplement an appropriate warning or regulatory sign or marking

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Warning Beacon

140
Q

the first interval following the green interval during which the yellow signal indication is displayed

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Yellow Change Interval

Traffic Signal Technician Level One (1 decks)

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