Glossary of Cases Flashcards
What is the nominative?
Mianownik
What questions does the nominative ask?
Kto? (Who?)
Co? (What?)
When is the nominative used?
- subject
- complement of the expression: “this is; these are” (to jest; to są)
MARTA is reading / reads a book.
Nominative
MARTA czyta książkę.
THE NEWSPAPER is here.
Nominative
GAZETA jest tutaj.
Is there A NEWSPAPER here?
Nominative
Czy jest tutaj GAZETA?
This is A NEWSPAPER.
Nominative
To jest GAZETA.
These are NEWSPAPERS.
Nominative
To są GAZETY.
What is the genitive?
Dopełniacz
What questions does the genitive ask?
Kogo? (of Whom?)
Czego? (of What?)
When is the genitive used?
- direct object of negated transitive verbs (used with a direct object either expressed or implied)
- complement of the expression there isn’t / aren’t; there wasn’t / weren’t; there won’t be (nie ma; nie było; nie będzie)
- to express “of”
- after the prepositions: “from, to, for, from / out of (od, do, dla, z)
- object of some verbs
I don’t have A BROTHER, COMPUTER, TELEPHONE, BOOK, NEWSPAPER, WINE.
Genitive
Nie mam:
- BRATA
- KOMPUTERA
- TELEFONU
- KSIĄŻKI
- GAZETY
- WINA
I don’t have BROTHERS, COMPUTERS, TELEPHONES, BOOKS, NEWSPAPERS, WINES.
Genitive
Nie mam:
- BRACI
- KOMPUTERÓW
- TELEFONÓW
- KSIĄŻEK
- GAZET
- WIN
YOUR passport (passport of gentleman / lady)
Genitive
PANA / PANI paszport
Which case is used by: od (from)?
Genitive
Which case is used by: do (to)?
Genitive
Which case is used by: dla (for)?
Genitive
Which case is used by: z (from)?
Genitive
FROM TIME TO TIME.
Genitive
OD CZASU DO CZASU.
TO / FROM POLAND, AMERICA, ENGLAND, WORK, HOME, THE THEATER, THE CINEMA.
Genitive
DO / Z:
- POLSKI
- AMERYKI
- ANGLII
- PRACY
- DOMU
- TEATRU
- KINA
FOR YOU.
Genitive
DLA:
- PANA
- PANI
I teach (learn) / am teaching (learning) Polish (LANGUAGE).
Genitive
Uczę (się) JĘZYKA polskiego.
What is the dative?
Celownik
What questions does the dative ask?
Komu? (to Whom?)
Czemu? (to What?)
