Glossary included on test 29th March 2016 Flashcards
Aid
The concessional transfer of goods and services between international actors
Arms Control *
Exercise of restraint in the acquisition, deployment and use of weapons
•Regulate the use of weapons
Caliphate *
System of government representing the political unity of the Islamic community
Citizenship
The state of being a citizen of a particular social, political or national community
Chequebook diplomacy
The use of economic aid, trade or investment as a means of gaining diplomatic favour from a global actor
•Normally used by states
Collective security **
Security arrangements in which states agree to cooperate collectively for the security of all
ANSUS
Australia, New Zealand and the US’s collective security treaty
Convention
A set of agreed or generally accepted standards or norms governing behaviour and interaction between global actors
Sovereignty *
A legitimate or widely-recognised ability to apply effective control of a territory within recognised borders
Development
Often measured in GNP (Gross National Product), if a states GNP goes up it is developing :)
Developed world/developing world
a. States that have a high level of development, predominantly measured in economic terms
b. States with low levels of economic wealth
Disarmament
Seeks to create a world free from weapons
Gdp per capita
Gross Domestic Product per person is calculated by measuring the total value of all goods and services produced annually by a society domestically
Hard power
Power exercised through coercion, or threatening acts of coercion, to influence the actors of other global actors
•Most commonly applied via military threats
Human rights *
Rights that are afforded to all human beings universally on the basis of their common humanity
•Restricted by what is necessary to ensure the rights of others are not breached while also ensuring personal sovereignty/autonomy
International cooperation
When global actors work together to achieve common ideas and goals
Internationalism *
Emphasises the similarities and links between people. Stresses the common humanity beyond national countries and promotes the need for cooperative solutions to common challenges
International community
An entity that makes decisions and takes action for the benefit of all countries and people on the basis of common duties and obligations between states, their citizens and other global actors.
International relations
How countries relate to each other on a global scale
Intervention
refers to external actions taken that are aimed to influence the domestic affairs of a state
Migrant
A migrant is a person who chooses (freely) to move from their country of origin to another which will accept them
Nations
Groups of people claiming common bonds based on culture, language and history.
Nation states
Political social grouping in which people within territorial boundaries, with recognised sovereignty, have common bonds based on culture, language and history
NGO
Non-government organisations
• specialised organisations, agencies and groups committed to promoting a range of issues - solving • independent from government influence • moderating influence on govt. behaviour :)
OECD *
The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development promotes policies to improve the economic and social well-being of people around the world
EU
European Union - operates a single market which allows free movement of goods, capital, services and people between member states
Panda diplomacy
China’s use of giant pandas as diplomatic gifts, most commonly used to cement relationships with other states xD
Power
The ability of one global actor to influence the actions of another global actor - can be hard or soft
Proliferation
Halting the spread of something - usually weapons or nuclear weapons
Public Opinion
Sentiment shared by the people
Security
Traditionally refers to protection of a state’s borders from intruders and the maintenance of sovereignty - most commonly achieved through hard power however recently soft power has been used
Soft power
The ability to shape the actions of other global actors, most commonly exercised through diplomacy, culture, politics and history
State
Possess a permanent population, defined territory and recognised sovereignty
Summit diplomacy
Chinese leaders taking part in high-profile meetings around the world
Super power
A state with the power and ability to influence events and project power on a global scale
Terrorism
The threatened or actual use of violence to achieve political objectives - can be utilised by individuals, groups and governments
Trade barriers *
Artificial obstacles to trade - most commonly imposed by governments to protect their economies (Tarriffs)
Trade liberalisation *
A movement towards free trade both in the reduction and elimination of tariffs and in the removal of non-tarrif barriers such as quotas
Unilateralism *
A policy of acting alone, with little regard for the views or interests of other global actors, in pursuit of foreign policy objectives
Weapons of Mass Destruction
Weapons capable of causing major damage and loss of life; chemical, biological and nuclear weapons
National Interest
Outlines the goals or objectives of foreign policy and is used as an all embracing concept to justify policy preferences and actions
