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I&I Definitions > Glossary If Terms > Flashcards

Glossary If Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Adaptive Immunity

A

A subsystem that is composed of specialised systematic cells + processes that eliminate pathogens/prevent their growth

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2
Q

Antibody

A

Protein produced in response to a counteracting antigen

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3
Q

Antigen

A

Toxin/ other foreign substance which induces immune response in body

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4
Q

basophil

A

A white blood cell

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5
Q

Bone marrow

A

Soft, spongy tissue that has many blood vessels & found in centre of many bones

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6
Q

B cell clonal deletion

A

Removal of B & T cells that have expressed receptors for self before developing into immuno-competent lymphocytes through apoptosis

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7
Q

Complement system

A

Aka complement cascade, part of Immune system that enhances ability of antibodies & phagocytic cell to clear microbes & damaged cells from an organism, promotes inflammation & attacks pathogen cell membranes.

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8
Q

Cytokine

A

Cell signalling molecules that aid cell communication in immune responses

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9
Q

Cytotoxic T cells

A

A type of T lymphocyte derived from stem cell, in bone marrow, that kills target cells bearing specific antigens

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10
Q

Eosinophils

A

A type of white blood cell, responsible for combatting multicellular parasites + certain infections(invertebrates)

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11
Q

Fab region

A

Région on an antibody that binds to antigens

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12
Q

FC region

A

Fragment crystallisable region; tail region of antibody that interacts with cell surface receptors called fc receptors + same proteins of the complement system

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13
Q

Heavy chain

A

Immunoglobulin heavy chain = large polypeptide subunit of an antibody

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14
Q

Humoral immunity

A

Aspect of immunity that’s mediated by macromolecules - including secretes antibodies, complement proteins + specific anti-microbial peptides.

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15
Q

IgA

A

Immunoglobulin A, antibody, plays role in immune function of mucous membranes.

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16
Q

IgD

A

Immunoglobulin D; antibody isotope which makes 1% of proteins in plasma membranes of immature B- lymphocyte

17
Q

IgM

A

Immunoglobulin M one of several isotopes of antibody produced by vertebrates. Largest antibody

18
Q

Innate immunity

A

Body’s first line of defence against germs/bacterial entering the body. (Non specific immune system)

19
Q

Light chain

A

Small peptide subunit of an antibody

20
Q

Lymphocytes

A

type of white blood cell, including natural killer cells, T&B cells

21
Q

Macrophages

A

Type of wbc that surrounds & kills micro organisms, removes dead cells & stimulates action of other immune system cells

22
Q

Memory T cells

A

Antigen-experienced T cells that mediate a faster & more potent response upon repeat encounter with antigen

23
Q

MALT(mucosa associated lymphoid tissue)

A

Network of lymphoid cell aggregates & tissue that is distributed in submucosal layers of the gastrointestinal, genital, respiratory and urinary glands as well as eyes, skin, thyroid, breast, tonsils, salivary glands

24
Q

Natural passive immunity

A

Aka maternal p.i, immunity passed along from mother to child

25
Q

Neutrophils

A

Most abundant type of granulocytes & make 40%-70% of all wbc in humans

26
Q

Peters patches

A

Clusters of sub epithelial , lymphoid follicles found in the intestines

27
Q

Phagocytes

A

A cell that performs phagocytosis

28
Q

Phagocytosis

A

Process by which a cell uses it’s plasma membrane to engulf a large particle , giving rise to an internal compartment called phagosome

29
Q

Sepsis

A

body’s extreme response to infection, life - threatening medical emergency. Occurs when an already infectious tiggers a chain reaction throughout the body

30
Q

Thymus

A

Lymphoid organ situated in the neck in vertebrates that produces T-lymphocytes for the immune system

31
Q

Troll-like receptor

A

Class of proteins playing key role in the innate immune response

I&I Definitions (1 decks)

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