Glossary If Terms Flashcards
Adaptive Immunity
A subsystem that is composed of specialised systematic cells + processes that eliminate pathogens/prevent their growth
Antibody
Protein produced in response to a counteracting antigen
Antigen
Toxin/ other foreign substance which induces immune response in body
basophil
A white blood cell
Bone marrow
Soft, spongy tissue that has many blood vessels & found in centre of many bones
B cell clonal deletion
Removal of B & T cells that have expressed receptors for self before developing into immuno-competent lymphocytes through apoptosis
Complement system
Aka complement cascade, part of Immune system that enhances ability of antibodies & phagocytic cell to clear microbes & damaged cells from an organism, promotes inflammation & attacks pathogen cell membranes.
Cytokine
Cell signalling molecules that aid cell communication in immune responses
Cytotoxic T cells
A type of T lymphocyte derived from stem cell, in bone marrow, that kills target cells bearing specific antigens
Eosinophils
A type of white blood cell, responsible for combatting multicellular parasites + certain infections(invertebrates)
Fab region
Région on an antibody that binds to antigens
FC region
Fragment crystallisable region; tail region of antibody that interacts with cell surface receptors called fc receptors + same proteins of the complement system
Heavy chain
Immunoglobulin heavy chain = large polypeptide subunit of an antibody
Humoral immunity
Aspect of immunity that’s mediated by macromolecules - including secretes antibodies, complement proteins + specific anti-microbial peptides.
IgA
Immunoglobulin A, antibody, plays role in immune function of mucous membranes.
IgD
Immunoglobulin D; antibody isotope which makes 1% of proteins in plasma membranes of immature B- lymphocyte
IgM
Immunoglobulin M one of several isotopes of antibody produced by vertebrates. Largest antibody
Innate immunity
Body’s first line of defence against germs/bacterial entering the body. (Non specific immune system)
Light chain
Small peptide subunit of an antibody
Lymphocytes
type of white blood cell, including natural killer cells, T&B cells
Macrophages
Type of wbc that surrounds & kills micro organisms, removes dead cells & stimulates action of other immune system cells
Memory T cells
Antigen-experienced T cells that mediate a faster & more potent response upon repeat encounter with antigen
MALT(mucosa associated lymphoid tissue)
Network of lymphoid cell aggregates & tissue that is distributed in submucosal layers of the gastrointestinal, genital, respiratory and urinary glands as well as eyes, skin, thyroid, breast, tonsils, salivary glands
Natural passive immunity
Aka maternal p.i, immunity passed along from mother to child
Neutrophils
Most abundant type of granulocytes & make 40%-70% of all wbc in humans
Peters patches
Clusters of sub epithelial , lymphoid follicles found in the intestines
Phagocytes
A cell that performs phagocytosis
Phagocytosis
Process by which a cell uses it’s plasma membrane to engulf a large particle , giving rise to an internal compartment called phagosome
Sepsis
body’s extreme response to infection, life - threatening medical emergency. Occurs when an already infectious tiggers a chain reaction throughout the body
Thymus
Lymphoid organ situated in the neck in vertebrates that produces T-lymphocytes for the immune system
Troll-like receptor
Class of proteins playing key role in the innate immune response
