Glossary for Fundamentals for Success in Business – D072

Question 1

ability

Answer 1

Possession of the means or skill to do something

Question 2

Active listening

Answer 2

Giving the sender full, undisturbed attention with the intention of fully receiving his or her message

Question 3

aggressive communicator

Answer 3

Forceful communication style often carried out in a loud and hostile manner

Question 4

assertive communicator

Answer 4

Mechanism by which employees align and are drawn to organizations that match individual culture, preferences, and working style.

Question 5

Attraction-selection-attrition

Answer 5

A theory holding that (1) individuals are attracted to organizations whose members are similar to themselves in terms of personality, values, interests, and other attributes; (2) organizations are more likely to select those who possess knowledge, skills, and abilities similar to the ones their existing members possess; and (3) over time, those who do not fit in well are more likely to leave

Question 6

Attraction–selection–attrition (A–S–A)

Answer 6

A theory holding that (1) individuals are attracted to organizations whose members are similar to themselves in terms of personality, values, interests, and other attributes; (2) organizations are more likely to select those who possess knowledge, skills, and abilities similar to the ones their existing members possess; and (3) over time, those who do not fit in well are more likely to leave

Question 7

Attrition

Answer 7

The unpredictable and uncontrollable but normal reduction of work force due to resignations, retirement, sickness, or death

Question 8

Autocratic style

Answer 8

Leadership style that keeps close control over subordinates and does not seek much input from others

Question 9

barrier to effective communication

Answer 9

Factor that prevents the receiver from receiving and understanding the message accurately

Question 10

behavioral event interviews

Answer 10

Guided interview questions where individuals describe their thoughts and feelings during specific situations and a coach helps establish a development plan

Question 11

channel

Answer 11

Means of passing information from sender to recipient, such as via face-to-face meeting or telephone call

Question 12

code of ethics

Answer 12

Guide that publicly sets out an organization’s key values and ethical obligations

Question 13

Coercive power

Answer 13

Ability to take something away or punish someone for noncompliance

Question 14

Communication

Answer 14

Sharing understanding and meaning via oral, nonverbal, and written forms

Question 15

communication style

Answer 15

Dominant way in which an individual interacts and exchanges information with others

Question 16

Competing Values Framework (CVF) model

Answer 16

Framework for assessing organizational culture and organizational dynamics

Question 17

Consideration

Answer 17

The relationship oriented behaviors of a leader

Question 18

corporate culture

Answer 18

The attitudes, values, and standards of behavior that distinguishes one organization from another

Question 19

corporate social responsibility (CSR)

Answer 19

Philosophy in which a company voluntarily engages in actions that benefit society, be it economically, socially, politically, or environmentally

Question 20

Design thinking

Answer 20

A method of problem-solving strategy wherein the data collected are expressed visually in order to create new strategies, ways, and methods to solve problems, create opportunities, or strengthen weaknesses

Question 21

Effective communication

Answer 21

When information transmitted is interpreted by the receiver in the way it was intended by the sender

Question 22

emotional intelligence

Answer 22

The capacity to be aware of, control, and express one’s emotions and handle interpersonal relationships judiciously and empathetically

Question 23

Emotional quotient

Answer 23

The level of a person’s emotional intelligence, often as represented by a score in a standardized test

Question 24

empathy

Answer 24

Being attuned and sensitive to the emotional states of others

Question 25

employee-member-centered behaviors

Answer 25

Behaviors that focus on supporting employees

Question 26

EQ

Answer 26

The level of a person's emotional intelligence, often as represented by a score in a standardized test

Question 27

Ethics

Answer 27

Principles that serve as a compass about how to behave

Question 28

Expert power

Answer 28

Power based on knowledge and special skill or experience

Question 29

Formal leaders

Answer 29

A person who is officially designated as the leader of a group

Question 30

greenwashing

Answer 30

When organizations carry about CSR missions in an inauthentic way, using them to increase publicity rather than to spur real change

Question 31

Idealized influence

Answer 31

Form of transformational leadership in which a leader models behaviors and attitude that subordinates choose to emulate

Question 32

illegal-ethical

Answer 32

Dilemma in which the ethical choice would be in violation of established laws

Question 33

individual contributor

Answer 33

Someone who uses their personal skills to contribute to a team

Question 34

Individualized consideration

Answer 34

Form of transformational leadership in which a leader takes the time to learn about the talents of each individual and puts them to good use

Question 35

Influence tactics

Answer 35

The way individuals attempt to influence one another in organizations

Question 36

Informal leaders

Answer 36

A person who is not officially appointed as the head of a group

Question 37

Information power

Answer 37

Power that stems from when a leader possesses knowledge that others need or want

Question 38

Initiating

Answer 38

The task-related behaviors of a leader

Question 39

inspirational appeals

Answer 39

Engage values, emotions, and beliefs to gain support for course of action

Question 40

Inspirational motivation

Answer 40

Form of transformational leadership in which a leader inspires a passionate vision among subordinates or the organization itself

Question 41

Job-centered behaviors

Answer 41

Refers to supervisory functions, such as planning, scheduling, coordinating work activities, and providing resources

Question 42

journaling

Answer 42

Self-reflective process of recording thoughts and emotions from day to day in order to identify patterns

Question 43

Knowledge

Answer 43

Facts, information, and skills acquired by a person through experience or education

Question 44

Laissez-faire style

Answer 44

A largely "hands-off" leadership style that provides considerable freedom to subordinates

Question 45

leader

Answer 45

A person who holds a dominant position in a field and can exercise a high degree of control or influence over others

Question 46

Leadership

Answer 46

The activity of leading a group of people or an organization or the ability to do so

Question 47

leadership style

Answer 47

Manner and approach of providing direction, implementing plans, and motivating people

Question 48

legal

Answer 48

An act that is allowed or is in conformity with the law of the land

Question 49

legal-ethical

Answer 49

When the law and personal or organizational ethics are in accordance with each other

Question 50

legal-unethical

Answer 50

Dilemma in which established laws are not in accordance or do not uphold the ethical choice

Question 51

Legitimate power

Answer 51

Power that comes from one’s organizational role or position

Question 52

locus of control

Answer 52

Extent to which an entity believes the current and anticipated circumstances and their response to them are within their control

Question 53

Machiavellian

Answer 53

Cunning, scheming, and unscrupulous

Question 54

manager

Answer 54

An individual who oversees a certain group of tasks or a certain subset of a company and often has a staff of people who report to them

Question 55

McKinsey 7-S

Answer 55

An organizational model developed in the 1980s by Tom Peters and Robert Waterman (the authors of "In Search of Excellence") that analyzes seven key internal aspects of an organization that need to be aligned if it is to achieve its objectives and improve performance

Question 56

Mechanistic

Answer 56

Hierarchical, bureaucratic, organizational structure characterized by (1) centralization of authority, (2) formalization of procedures and practices, and (3) specialization of functions

Question 57

meditation

Answer 57

Focusing all of your energy and attention on one specific area of the present moment

Question 58

mindfulness

Answer 58

Consciousness of the present moment

Question 59

Morals

Answer 59

Rules people develop as a result of cultural norms and values and are, traditionally passed down through generations and characterize a cultural group

Question 60

motivation

Answer 60

Emotional tendencies that impact your ability to reach personal goals

Question 61

Nonverbal communication

Answer 61

Expressing information without the use of spoken or written words such as using body language, tone of voice, facial expressions, and even silence

Question 62

Oral communication

Answer 62

Expressing information or ideas through spoken words

Question 63

Organic

Answer 63

Organizational structure characterized by (1) flatness: communications and interactions are horizontal, (2) low specialization: knowledge resides wherever it is most useful, and (3) decentralization: great deal of formal and informal participation in decision-making

Question 64

Organizational culture

Answer 64

The shared values, beliefs, and norms of an organization that affect the strategies and operating procedures of the business

Question 65

Organizational ethics

Answer 65

Rules, principles, and standards for deciding what is morally right or wrong when doing business

Question 66

Organizational structure

Answer 66

A system used to define a hierarchy within an organization