Glossary for Fundamentals for Success in Business – D072 Flashcards
ability
Possession of the means or skill to do something
Active listening
Giving the sender full, undisturbed attention with the intention of fully receiving his or her message
aggressive communicator
Forceful communication style often carried out in a loud and hostile manner
assertive communicator
Mechanism by which employees align and are drawn to organizations that match individual culture, preferences, and working style.
Attraction-selection-attrition
A theory holding that (1) individuals are attracted to organizations whose members are similar to themselves in terms of personality, values, interests, and other attributes; (2) organizations are more likely to select those who possess knowledge, skills, and abilities similar to the ones their existing members possess; and (3) over time, those who do not fit in well are more likely to leave
Attraction–selection–attrition (A–S–A)
A theory holding that (1) individuals are attracted to organizations whose members are similar to themselves in terms of personality, values, interests, and other attributes; (2) organizations are more likely to select those who possess knowledge, skills, and abilities similar to the ones their existing members possess; and (3) over time, those who do not fit in well are more likely to leave
Attrition
The unpredictable and uncontrollable but normal reduction of work force due to resignations, retirement, sickness, or death
Autocratic style
Leadership style that keeps close control over subordinates and does not seek much input from others
barrier to effective communication
Factor that prevents the receiver from receiving and understanding the message accurately
behavioral event interviews
Guided interview questions where individuals describe their thoughts and feelings during specific situations and a coach helps establish a development plan
channel
Means of passing information from sender to recipient, such as via face-to-face meeting or telephone call
code of ethics
Guide that publicly sets out an organization’s key values and ethical obligations
Coercive power
Ability to take something away or punish someone for noncompliance
Communication
Sharing understanding and meaning via oral, nonverbal, and written forms
communication style
Dominant way in which an individual interacts and exchanges information with others
Competing Values Framework (CVF) model
Framework for assessing organizational culture and organizational dynamics
Consideration
The relationship oriented behaviors of a leader
corporate culture
The attitudes, values, and standards of behavior that distinguishes one organization from another
corporate social responsibility (CSR)
Philosophy in which a company voluntarily engages in actions that benefit society, be it economically, socially, politically, or environmentally
Design thinking
A method of problem-solving strategy wherein the data collected are expressed visually in order to create new strategies, ways, and methods to solve problems, create opportunities, or strengthen weaknesses
Effective communication
When information transmitted is interpreted by the receiver in the way it was intended by the sender
emotional intelligence
The capacity to be aware of, control, and express one’s emotions and handle interpersonal relationships judiciously and empathetically
Emotional quotient
The level of a person’s emotional intelligence, often as represented by a score in a standardized test
empathy
Being attuned and sensitive to the emotional states of others
employee-member-centered behaviors
Behaviors that focus on supporting employees
EQ
The level of a person’s emotional intelligence, often as represented by a score in a standardized test
Ethics
Principles that serve as a compass about how to behave
Expert power
Power based on knowledge and special skill or experience
Formal leaders
A person who is officially designated as the leader of a group
greenwashing
When organizations carry about CSR missions in an inauthentic way, using them to increase publicity rather than to spur real change
Idealized influence
Form of transformational leadership in which a leader models behaviors and attitude that subordinates choose to emulate
illegal-ethical
Dilemma in which the ethical choice would be in violation of established laws
individual contributor
Someone who uses their personal skills to contribute to a team
Individualized consideration
Form of transformational leadership in which a leader takes the time to learn about the talents of each individual and puts them to good use
Influence tactics
The way individuals attempt to influence one another in organizations
Informal leaders
A person who is not officially appointed as the head of a group
Information power
Power that stems from when a leader possesses knowledge that others need or want
Initiating
The task-related behaviors of a leader
inspirational appeals
Engage values, emotions, and beliefs to gain support for course of action
Inspirational motivation
Form of transformational leadership in which a leader inspires a passionate vision among subordinates or the organization itself
Job-centered behaviors
Refers to supervisory functions, such as planning, scheduling, coordinating work activities, and providing resources
journaling
Self-reflective process of recording thoughts and emotions from day to day in order to identify patterns
Knowledge
Facts, information, and skills acquired by a person through experience or education
Laissez-faire style
A largely “hands-off” leadership style that provides considerable freedom to subordinates
leader
A person who holds a dominant position in a field and can exercise a high degree of control or influence over others
Leadership
The activity of leading a group of people or an organization or the ability to do so
leadership style
Manner and approach of providing direction, implementing plans, and motivating people
legal
An act that is allowed or is in conformity with the law of the land
legal-ethical
When the law and personal or organizational ethics are in accordance with each other
legal-unethical
Dilemma in which established laws are not in accordance or do not uphold the ethical choice
Legitimate power
Power that comes from one’s organizational role or position
locus of control
Extent to which an entity believes the current and anticipated circumstances and their response to them are within their control
Machiavellian
Cunning, scheming, and unscrupulous
manager
An individual who oversees a certain group of tasks or a certain subset of a company and often has a staff of people who report to them
McKinsey 7-S
An organizational model developed in the 1980s by Tom Peters and Robert Waterman (the authors of “In Search of Excellence”) that analyzes seven key internal aspects of an organization that need to be aligned if it is to achieve its objectives and improve performance
Mechanistic
Hierarchical, bureaucratic, organizational structure characterized by (1) centralization of authority, (2) formalization of procedures and practices, and (3) specialization of functions
meditation
Focusing all of your energy and attention on one specific area of the present moment
mindfulness
Consciousness of the present moment
Morals
Rules people develop as a result of cultural norms and values and are, traditionally passed down through generations and characterize a cultural group
motivation
Emotional tendencies that impact your ability to reach personal goals
Nonverbal communication
Expressing information without the use of spoken or written words such as using body language, tone of voice, facial expressions, and even silence
Oral communication
Expressing information or ideas through spoken words
Organic
Organizational structure characterized by (1) flatness: communications and interactions are horizontal, (2) low specialization: knowledge resides wherever it is most useful, and (3) decentralization: great deal of formal and informal participation in decision-making
Organizational culture
The shared values, beliefs, and norms of an organization that affect the strategies and operating procedures of the business
Organizational ethics
Rules, principles, and standards for deciding what is morally right or wrong when doing business
Organizational structure
A system used to define a hierarchy within an organization
