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Blood Bank > Glossary A > Flashcards

Glossary A Flashcards

0
Q

It is the removal of a specific antibody from a mixture of antibody using cell of known specificity

A

Absoprtion

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1
Q

It is a situation when the ABO forward typing result does not agree with the result in backward typing

A

ABO Discrepancy

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2
Q

The production of antibody after antigenic exposure or stimulation

A

Active immunization

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3
Q

Chemical substances added to red cells to extend the shelf life upto 42 days

A

Additive

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4
Q

Blood bag additive:

A

AS-1: Adsol: Fenwal Laboratory
AS-2: Nutricel : Medsep Corporation
AS-3: Optisol : Terumo

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5
Q

It is a rare condition characterized by the absence of antibodies

A

Agammaglobulinemia

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6
Q

The clumping of particulate antigens with the corresponding specific antibody.

A

Agglutination

*hemagglutination

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7
Q

An alternative form of a gene occupying a give locus

A

Allele

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8
Q

The process of collecting amniotic fluid

A

Amniocentesis

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9
Q

The albuminous fluid contained in amniotic sac that provides nutrients to the developing fetus

A

Amniotic fluid

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10
Q

Referred to as the “silent gene” that does not produce a detectable antigen; an example is the O gene

A

Amorph

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11
Q

Aka secondary immune response and it also refers to the production of antibody after secondary antigenic exposure

A

Anamnestic response

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12
Q

A severe hypersensitivity reaction brought about by antibody against IgA seen among IgA deficient patient exposed to IgA antibody

A

Anaphylaxis

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13
Q

It occurs before birth

A

Antenatal

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14
Q

Protein substances that are secreted by plasma cells and are produced in response to antigenic stimulation

A

Antibody/immuniglobulin

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15
Q

Immune antibody against foreign antigen of the same species

A

Alloantibody

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16
Q

Antibody against own self antigens

A

Autoantibody

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17
Q

Also known as unexpected antibody, it refers to antibody other than the naturally occurring anti-A and anti-B

A

Atypical antibody

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18
Q

Isoantibodies referred to as anti-A and anti-B

A

Naturally occurring antibody

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19
Q

Antibody derived from a single clone of antigen

A

Monoclonal antibody

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20
Q

Antibody derived from more than one antibody producing plasma cells

A

Polyclonal antibody

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21
Q

These are reagents used to enhance or speed up antigen antibody reaction

A

Antibody potentiators

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22
Q

This is used to detect immune antibody other than the natually occurring thru the used of completely phenotypes group O cells

A

Antibody Screening Test

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23
Q

It is any foreign substance which when introduced to the body stimulates antibody production

A

Antigen

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24
Q

Describes as the relative ability of a substance to illicit immune response

A

Antigenic

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25
Q

The table of the phenotyped group “O” cells showing different antigen used to screen and identify immune antibody

A

Antigram

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26
Q

Aka Coombs serum and it also refers to a secondary antibody directed against human IgG or complement

A

Antihuman Globulin Reagent (AHG)

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27
Q

Targets either human IgG or complement C3

A

Monospecific AHG

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28
Q

Targets both IgG and complement C3

A

Polyspecific AHG

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29
Q

Aka Coomb’s test
Method that uses antibodies directed against human globulins to aid in the detection of RBCs sensitized by IgG alloantibodies, autoantibodies and or conplement components

A

Antihuman Globulin Test (AGT)

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30
Q

Used to detect “in vivo” cell sensitization

A

Direct Antiglobulin Test

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31
Q

Used to detect “in vitro” cell sensitization

A

Indirect Antiglobulin Test

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32
Q

It is a commercially prepared reagent containing antibody with known specificity

A

Antiserum

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33
Q

Used to describe antigens controlled by a pair of allelic genes

A

Antithetical

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34
Q

A method of blood collection in which whole blood is withdrawn and processed.

A

Apheresis

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35
Q

Removal of platelet

A

Plateletpheresis

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36
Q

Removal of leukocytes

A

Leukapheresis

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37
Q

Removal of plasma

A

Plasmapheresis

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38
Q

The process of antibody removal through the use of patients own antigen

A

Autoabsorption

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39
Q

Aka PS-PR (patient serum-patient red cell), and it refers to testing the patients serum for antibody against his own red cells; employed to detect autoantibody

A

Autocontrol

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40
Q

The strength of antigen-antibody reaction as influenced by characteristic feature of the antigen and antibody.

A

Avidity

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41
Q

Biological substances which pose a big threat to the health of living organisms, especially humans.

A

Biohazards

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42
Q

Antibody with reactivity occuring in two phases

A

Biphasic hemolysin

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43
Q

This consists of a single bag or an interconnected multiple bags with tubings used in blood donation

A

Blood bag

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44
Q

Refer to diff cellular and liquid compositions of blood separated by physical means

A

Blood components

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45
Q

A frozen plasma product that contains all clotting factors; usually administered to patients with clotting factor deficiencies other than hemophilia A, von willebrands disease, and hypofibrinogenemia

A

Fresh frozen plasma

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46
Q

Red cell component prepared by separating the plasma from a whole blood unit resulting to a hematocrit level of approximately 80%

A

Packed RBC

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47
Q

Platelets removed from un refrigerated fresh whole blood and stored for transfusion

A

Platelet concentrate

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48
Q

Platelet concentrate at least 5.5 x10^10 platelets obtained manually by centrifugation.

A

Random platelet concentrate

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49
Q

A platelet concentrate containing about 3 x 10^11 platelets obtained by apheresis

A

Single platelet concentrate

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50
Q

A concentrated coagulated Factor VIII and Factor I extracted from fresh frozen plasma

A

Cryoprecipitate

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51
Q

The blood component which includes prothrombin

A

Factor concentrate

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52
Q

Erythrocytes that are treated with cryoprotective agent and subsequently kept in a freezing temperature

A

Frozen red cell

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53
Q

These are erythrocytes that are treated by a solution containing pyruvate, inosine, phosphate and adenine which restores 23DPG and ATP

A

Rejuvenated Red Cell

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54
Q

The application of physical means such as refrigerated centrifugation to separate the diff cellular and liquid compositions of a whole blood

A

Blood component preparation

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55
Q

Manual blood component preparation that limits the use of blood and its components within 24 hrs after exposure of the blood to the atmosphere

A

Open system

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56
Q

Blood component preparation that usually makes the use of the refrigerated centrifuge.
-limits the use of blood and its components to longer period up to the expiration date

-sterile

A

Closed system

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57
Q

A filter device attached to a blood or blood component unit designed to retain unwanted cells, blood clots or debris

A

Blood filter

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58
Q

Soluble antigens present in fluids that can be used to neutralize their corresponding antibodies.

A

BGSS

Blood group specific soluble substances

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59
Q

Blood group systems demonstrate BGSSs are

A

ABO, Lewis and P

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60
Q

A system of classifying blood based on the presence or absence o inherited antigenic substances on the rbc.

A

Blood group system

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61
Q

Test used to determine blood group system

A

Blood typing

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62
Q

It is the determination of red cell antigen through the use of antiserum of known specificity
Aka red cell phenotyping

A

Forward typing / direct typing / cell typing

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63
Q

The determination of serum or plasma antibodies using cell of known antigenic profile

A

Backward typing/indirect typing/ serum typing

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64
Q

Device used in warming blood

A

Blood warmer

65
Q

It is the failure of an individual to express inherited A or B genes because of the lack of H gene. An individual with this type has a potent anti H in his serum
Designated as O^h

A

Bombay phenotype

66
Q

The main soluble protein in the serum of the cattle that is oftentimes used as an enzymatically inert protein or a negative control

A

Bovine serum albumin

67
Q

The most preferred method used for crossmatching that includes 3 phases: immediate spin, therophase, AHG phase

A

Broad spectrum compatibility test

68
Q

A condition producing two cell populations in an individual

A

Chimerism

69
Q

A rare condition characterized by the difficulty of the phagocytic cells to generate superoxide radicals which is needed in killing ingested pathogens. A person with this suffers fro recurrent supperative bacterial and fungal infections

A

Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD)

70
Q

These are substances in the plasma involved in clotting process

A

Coagulation factor

71
Q

FACTORS

A

1-13

72
Q

A sequence of three bases in a DNA strand that provides the genetic code for a specific amino acid

A

Codon

73
Q

A batch of tests which includes ABO and Rh grouping, screening of serum for alloantibodies, and crossmatching

A

Compatibility test

74
Q

Serologically inactive when mixed

A

Compatible

75
Q

Complex of plasma proteins

A

Complement

76
Q

Transfusion o specific components rather than whole blood to treat a patient

A

Component therapy

77
Q

Antibody-coated cells used to confirm negative results obtained in direct and indirect antihuman globulin tests

A

Coombs control / checks cells

78
Q

Blood containing stem cells which are taken from the umbilical cord after childbirth

A

Cord cells

79
Q

A computed value used to evaluate effectiveness of platelet transfusion

A

Corrected count increment

80
Q

The process of exchange genetic material between 2 homologous pairs of chromosomes.

A

Crossing over

81
Q

The testing of patients blood against donors blood

A

Crossmatch

82
Q

A type of crossmatch that involves mixing of patients serum and donors rbc

A

Major crossmatch (PS-DR)

83
Q

A type of crossmatch that involves mixing of patients red blood cells and donors serumy

A

Minor crossmatch

84
Q

A process of mixing the recepients serum with donors rbc and centrifugating immediately.
No agglutination= compatible

A

Immediate crossmatch

85
Q

A crossmatch performed by a computer

A

Computerized crossmatch

86
Q

A type and screen coupled with immediate spin

A

Abbreviated crossmatch

87
Q

Substances that are added to erythrocytes to protect them against the harmful effects of freezing temperature

A

Cryoprotective agent

88
Q

Hidden receptors that may be exposed when normal erythrocyte membranes are altered by bacterial or viral enzymes

A

Cryptantigen

89
Q

The process of removing glycerol from a unit of RBCs after thawing to return them to normal osmolality

A

Deglycerolization

90
Q

Frozen red cell whose glycerol has been removed by several washing

A

Deglycerolized red cell

91
Q

A plasma expander that may be used as a substitute for plasma

A

Dextran

92
Q

A genetic marker that is present in the child but absent in mother and alleged father

A

Direct exclusion

93
Q

A sulfhydryl compound used to break down disulfide bonds of IgM

A

Dithiotreitol (DTT)

94
Q

Refers to DiMethyl SulfOxide

A cryprotectant used for hemtopoietic progenitor cells

A

DMSO

95
Q

A biphasic IgG specifically directed to anti-P found in patients with Paroxysmal Cold Hemoglobinuria (PCH)

A

Donath-landsteiner antibody

96
Q

The process of giving blood to a recipient

A

Donation

97
Q

Refers to an individual who gives blood in a blood donation

A

Donor

98
Q

A donor who gives blood in replace of monetary conpensation

A

Paid blood donor

99
Q

Prescreened donor who is in the list of qualified voluntary donors and is fit to donate anytime in the community

A

Walking blood donor

100
Q

A phenomenon whereby an antibody reacts more strongly with a rbc showing double dose of antigens than those with single dose

A

Dosage

101
Q

Colouring substance

A

Dye

102
Q

Anti A dye

A

Blue dye

103
Q

Blue dyes

A

Bromphenol blue
Thymol blue
Patent blue

104
Q

Yellow dye

A

Acriflavin

Tartrazine yellow

105
Q

Product of deliberate manipulation of a red cell suspension to break an immune complex with subsequent release of the antibody

A

Eluate

106
Q

Process whereby cells that are coated with antibody are treated in such a manner as to disrupt the bonds between the antigen and antibody

A

Elution

107
Q

Substance capable of catalyzing

A

Enzyme

108
Q

Proteolytic enzyme obtained from pineapple

A

Bromelin

109
Q

Proteolytic enzyme formed in human intestine

A

Trypsin

110
Q

Proteolytic enzyme formed in the fig

A

Ficin

111
Q

Proteolytic enzyme from papaya

A

Papain

112
Q

Immunologic incompatibility between mother and fetus that can produce severe or fatal consequences to the unborn or new born infant due to the destruction of rbcs
Aka Hyrops fetalis

A

Erythroblastosis fetalis (HDN)

113
Q

The replacement of an infants coated RBCs with donor blood until one or two total blood volumes are accomplished

A

Exchange transfusion

114
Q

The activity where a person is likely to get foreign substance
Either blood transfusion or pregnancy

A

Exposure

115
Q

A transfusion reaction caused by leukoagglutinins characterized by fever

A

Febrile reaction

116
Q

Transplacental passage of fetal blood into the circulation of the maternal organism

A

Fetomaternal hemorrhage

117
Q

Filamentous clot formed by the action of thrombin on fibrinogen

A

Fibrin

118
Q

Aka plasmin

A substance that has the ability to dissolve fibrin

A

Fibrinolysin

119
Q

Process of dissolving fibrin

A

Fibrinolysis

120
Q

A type of large glycoprotein that is found on the surface of cells and mediates cellular adhesion

A

Fibronectin

121
Q

One of the five types of immunoglobin known to be involved in immunity
Produced during the secon immune reaponse

A

Gamma globulin

122
Q

A unit of inheritance within a chromosome

A

Gene

123
Q

A term used to describe a pair of genes in which neither is dominant over the other; both are expressed

A

Codominant

124
Q

A term used to describe a gene that does not appear to produce a detectable antigen

A

Amorphic

125
Q

A term used to describe one of two or more different genes that may occupy a specific locus on a chromosome

A

Allelic

126
Q

Gene that is expressed

A

Dominant

127
Q

Gene that is not expressed

A

Recessive

128
Q

Gene that produces a repressor substance that inhibits an operator gene

A

Regulatory

129
Q

Gene that suppresses the phenotypic expression of another gene (spec. Mutant gene)

A

Supressor

130
Q

The specific place on a chromosome where a gene is located

A

Gene locus

131
Q

The situation in which A gene on one chromosome of a homologous pair affects the actions of a related gene on the same chromosome

A

Cis position

132
Q

A person’s actual genetic make up

A

Genotype

133
Q

The genetic state of having two similar genes for the same trait

A

Homozygous

134
Q

The genetic state of having two dissimilar genes for the same trait

A

Heterozygous

135
Q

A cryoprotective agent

A

Glycerol

136
Q

The process of adding glycerol to rbc to prevent hemolysis of erythrocytes while freezing

A

Glycerolization

137
Q

A carbohydrate attached lipid

A

Glycolipid

138
Q

Any of several related proteins that can project through the thickness of the cell membrane of erythrocytes

A

Glycophorin

139
Q

A molecule that consists of a carbohydrate plus protein

A

Glycoproteins

140
Q

Sphingolipid containing the sugar glucose or galactose

A

Glycosphingolipid

141
Q

An enzyme needed to attach a specific sugar molecule to predetermined acceptor molecule

A

Glycosyl transferase

142
Q

An intense and frequently fatal immunologic reaction of engrafted cells against the host caused by the infection of immunocompetent lymphocytes into individuals with impaired immunity

A

Graft vs Host disease (GVHD)

143
Q

Condition characterized by markedly decreased leukocytes in the blood

A

Granulocytopenia

144
Q

Genes that are close o the chromosome and inherited together by an individual

A

Haplotype

145
Q

A very small substance to stimulate antibody production without attaching to a larger molecule

A

Hapten

146
Q

A plasma protein which binds to hemoglobin following intravascular hemolysis

A

Haptoglobin

147
Q

An increase in volume of blood plasma resulting to reduced concentration of red blood cells

A

Hemodilution

148
Q

The destruction of rbcs with subsequent release of hemoglobin

A

Hemolysis

149
Q

The destruction of red blood cells outside the blood vessel; antibody coated rbc are removed from circulation by the liver and spleen

A

Extravascular

150
Q

Destrction of rbc within the blood vessel

A

Intravascular

151
Q

A severe condition characterized by low RBC count resulting from destruction of circulating erythrocytes

A

Hemolytic anemia

152
Q

A condition in which a patient has shorted rbc survival associated with hemolysis mediated by humoral anti body

A

Immune hemolytic anemia

153
Q

Refers to the continuous rbc destrction resulting to anemia due to the presence of autoantibodies directed against the patients own rbc

A

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia

154
Q

The rbc destruction due to drug induced production of an autoantibody that recognizes rbc antigens

A

Drug induced hemolytic anemia

155
Q

The rbc destruction due to the presence of alloantibodies to foreign red cell antigens introduced to the circulation through transfusion or pregnancy

A

Alloimmune hemolytic anemia

156
Q

Bleeding disorder due to deficiency of a particular coagulation factor

A

Hemophilia

157
Q

Sex linked recessive trait due to factor VIII deficiency; most commonly affected are males

A

Hemophilia A

158
Q

Also known as Christmas disease, these sex linked disorder is due to the absence of factor IX

A

Hemophilia B

159
Q

These are antibodies characterized as weak and can be diluted to high titer despite tue weak reaction strengths.

A

High Titer Low Avidity (HTLA)

160
Q

The situation in which A gene on one chromosome of a homologous pair affects the actions of a related gene on another homologue

A

Trans-position

Blood Bank (1 decks)

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