Glossary Flashcards
Sliding and loss of control caused by applying a vehicle gas pedal too quickly.
Acceleration Skids
Preservice tests on fire apparatus or equipment, performed at the factory or after delivery, to assure the purchaser that the apparatus or equipment meets bid specifications.
Acceptance Testing
Sharpor severe; having a rapid onset and short duration.
Acute
Introduction of air into a foam solution to create bubbles that result in finished foam.
Aeration
Fire fighting vehicle equipped with a hydraulically operated ladder, elevating platform, or other similar device for the purpose of placing personnel and or water streams in elevated positions.
Aerial Apparatus
General term used to describe the hydraulically operated ladder or elevating platform attached to a specially designed fire apparatus.
Aerial Device
Power operated ladder, usually employing hydraulics, that is mounted on a special truck.
Aerial Ladder
Assembly of bracing bars or rods in triangular shapes that form a rigid framework for the aerial device.
Aerial Ladder Truss
Braking system that uses compressed air to hold off a spring brake ( parking brake) and applies air pressure to a service brake for vehicle stopping.
Air-Actuated Braking Systems
Series of tests used to ensure the serviceablilty of an air braking system. Tests include air loss, air compressor buildup, air warning, and emergency parking brake activation.
Air Brake Test
Process of dropping water, short-term fire retardant, or long term fire retardant from an air tanker or helicopter onto a wildland fire.
Air Drop
Aqueous film forming foam that isdesigned for use with polar solvent fuels.
Alcohol-Resistant Aqueous Film Forming Foam Concentrate (AR-AFFF)
A coordinated approach to a wide variety of incidents; all responders use a similar, coordinated approach with a common set of authorities, protections, and resources.
All-Hazard Concept
Geographic position of a location or object in relation to sea level. The location may be either above, below, or at sea level.
Altitude
Guage that indicates both the amount of electrical current being drawn from and provided to the vehicles battery.
Ammeter
Point from which a fire line is begun; usually a natural or man-made barrier that prevents fire spread and the possi ilit of the crew being “flanked” while constructing the fire line.
Anchor Point
An electronic system that monitors wheel spin. When braking and a wheel are sensed to begin locking up, the brake on that wheel is temporarily released to prevent skidding.
Anti-Lock Braking Systems
Categorization and description of apparatus commonly exchanged in disasters via mutual aid by capacity and/or capability.
Apparatus Typing
Minimum amount of foam soloution that must be applied to an unignited fire, spill, or spill fire to eithercontrol bapor emission or extinguish the fire; measured per minute per square foot of area to be covered.
Application Rate
Synthetic foam concentrate that, when combined with water, can form a complete vapor barrier over fuel spills and fires and is a highly effective extinguishing and blanketing agent on hydrocarbon fuels. Also known as _____.
Aqueous Film Forming Foam (AFFF)
AKA: Light Water
Apparatus-mounted foam proportioner in which a small quantity of water is diverted from the apparatus pump through an inine proportioner; there it picks up the foam concentrate and carries it to the intake side of the pump. It is most common apparatus-mounted foam proportioner in service.
Around the Pump Proportioner
Aerial device that consists of two or more booms that are attached with hinges and operte in a folding manner. A passenger-carrying platform is attached to teh working end of the device.
Articulating Aerial Platform
term used in National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) standards to describe incidents that have a likelihood of causing critical incident stress.
Atypicallly Stressful Event
Tool for boring (drilling) holes in floors and other soild barriers including ice.
Auger
Cleaning a fire pump or piping by flowing water through it in the opposite direction of normal flow.
Back Flushing
Pressure loss or gain created by changes in elevation between the nozzle and pump.
Back Pressure
Intermediate partial bulkhead that reduces the surge effect in a partially loaded liquid tank.
Baffle
Location at which the primary Incident Management Logistics functions are coordinated and administered; the Incident Command Post may be colocated with the base. there is only one ___ per incident.
Base
****Fire department organizational subdivision consisting of several fire service companies oin a designated geographic area. A ___ is usually the first organizational level above individual companies or stations.
Battalion
Production of foam solution by adding an appropriate amount of foam concentrate to a water tank before application; the resulting solution must be used or discarded following the incident.
Batch Mixing
Nontelescoping section of pipe, usually 3 or 3.5 inches in diameter attached to teh underside fo teh bed section of the aerial ladder for the purpose of deploying an elevated master stream.
Bed Ladder Pipe
Capable of being broken down into innocuous roducts by teh actions of living things, such as microorganisms.
Biodegradable
Process of releasing a liquid or gas under pressure, such as releasing air from the regulator or cylinder of a self-contained brteathing apparatus; or allowing air to escape from a hoseline before or during operations.
Bleed
Attack a fire aggressively from the exterior with a large diameter 2.5 or larger fire stream
Blitz attack
***
Body Substance Isolation
Two piece aerial apparatus stablization device consisting of an extension arm that extends directly out from the vehicle and a lifting jack that extends from the end of the extension arm to the ground. Also known as ___ or __
Box stabilizer, H-Jack, or H-Stabilizers
Loss of braking function that occurs due to excessive use of the brakes.
Brake Fade
Distance the vehicle travels from the time the brakes are applied until it comes to a complete stop.
Braking Distance
Ability of foam blanket to resist direct flame impingement such as in a partially extinguished petroleum fire.
Burnback Resistance
Cancer-producing substance
Carcinogen
Condition in which vacuum pockets form, due to localized regions of low pressure at the vanes in the impeller of a centrigugal pump causing vibrations, loss of efficiency, and possibly damage to the impeller.
Cavitation
Pump with one or more impellers that rotate and utilize centrifugal force to move the water. Most modern fire pumps are of this type.
Centrifugal Pump
Order of rank and authority in the fire and emergecy services
Chain of Command
Applying grease and other lubricants to specific parts of a chassis to reduce wear, noise, and binding
Chassis Lubrication
Automatic valve that permits liquid flow in only one direction.
Check Valve
Long-term and reoccurring
Chronic
***
COPD
Inspection method in which the driver or inspector starts at one point of the apparatus and continues in either a clockwise direction inspecting the entire apparatus.
Circle or Walk-Around Method
Water storage receptacle that usually underground and may be supplied by a well or raineater runoff.
Cistern
Hinged valve that permits the flow of water in one direction only
Clapper Valves
Foam specially designed for use on Class A combustibles. Class A foams, hydrocarbon-based surfactants are essentially wetting agents tht reducethe surface tension of water and allow it to soak into combustible materials more easily than plain water. Class S foams are becoming increasingly popular for use in wildland and structural fire fighting.
Class A Foam Concentrate
Foam fire suppression agent designed for use on ignited or unignited Class B flammable or combustible liquids.
Class B Foam Concentrate
Safe area outside of the warm zone where equipmet and personnel are not expected to become contaminated and special protective clothing is not required; the Incident Command Post and other support functions are typicaly locatede in this zone.
Cold Zone
Area beneath a wall in which the wall is likely to land if it loses structural integrity.
Collapse Zone
A drivers license that is issued to individuals who demonstrate competence inspecting and driving vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Rating of 26,001 pounds or more.
Commercial Drivers’ License (CDL)
Basic fire fighting organizational unit consisting of firefighters and apparatus; headed by a company officer.
Company
Generic term used to describe a high-energy foam-generation system consisting of a water pump, a foam proportioning system, and an air compressor that injects air into the foam solution before it enters a hoseline.
Compressed Air Foam Systems (CAFS)
the shared assumptions, beliefs, and values of a group or organization.
Culture
Operating a hydraulic pump without allowing flow through the system, which generates tremendous heat and pressure and can damage components.
Deadheading
Chemical change in which a substance breaks down into two or more simpler substances. Result of xygen acting on a material that result in a change in the material’s composition; oxidation occurs slowly, sometimes resulting in the rusting of metals.
decomposition
Exterior fire attack that is limited to controlling the spread of a fire, with an emphasis on exposure protection.
Defensive Attack
Height of column of water may be lifted n sufficient quantity to provide a reliable fire flow. Lift may be raised through a hard suction hose to a pump, taking into consideration the atmospheric pressure and friction loss within the hard suction hose; _____ is usually considered to be 14.7 feet.
Dependable Lift
Device designed to remove diesel particulate matter or soot from the exhaust gas of a diesel engine.
Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF)
Part of an overall water supply system that receives the water from the pumping station and delivers it throughout the area to be served.
Distribution Systems
Process of acquiring water from a static source and trtansferring it into a pump that is above the source’s level; atmospheric pressure on the water surface forces the water into the pump where a partial vacuum was created.
Drafting
Fire hydrant that has its operating valve at the water main rather than in the barrel of teh hydrant. When operating properly, there is no water in the barrel of the hydrant when it is not in use. These hydrants are used in areas where freezing may occur.
Dry-Barrel Hydrant
Permanetly installed pipe that has pumper suction connections installed at static water sources to speed drafting operations.
Dry Hydrant
Operation where a strong hydrant is used to supply two pumpers by connecting the pumpers intake to intake. The second pumper receives the excess water not being pumped by the first pumper, which is directly connected to teh water supply source.
Dual Pumping
Driver/Operators drive with ___ for the safety of others using the highways. State vehicle codes provide and give special privileges to teh operatrs of emergency vehicles; however, this does not relieve the opeator from the duty and responsibility to drive with ___ for the safety of others.
Due Regard
Secured hoseline that is used to handle excess water during a relay operation.
Dump line
Locatiuon approved for water shuttle apparatus to discharge their water for other apparatus to draw during incident operations.
Dump Site
Loads that involve motion. They include the forces arising from wind, moving vehicles, earthquiakes, vibration, or falling objects, as well as teh addition of a moving load force to an aerial device or structure. Also Known as ___.
Dynamic Load
AKA - Shock Loading
Process used to mix foam concentrate with water in a nozzle or proportioner; concentrate is drawn into the water stream by the Venturi method.
Eduction
Portable proportioning device that injects a liquid, such as foam concentrate, into the water flowing through a hoseline or pipe
Eductor
Venturi device that uses water pressure to draw foam concentrate into a water stream for mixing; also enables a pump to draw water from an auxillary source.
Eductor
Work platform attached to the end of an articulating or telescoping aerial device.
Elevating Platform
Height of a point above sea level or some other reference point
Elevation
Gain or loss of pressure in a hoseline due to a change in elevation. Also known as ____
Elevation Pressure
or
Elevation Loss
Any device that uses the engine and transmission to impede the forward motion of the motor vehicle by compression of the engine
Engine Compression Brake
Location at which tankers/tenders will be loaded during a water shuttle operation
Fill Site
Foam concentrate that combines teh qualities of fluoroprotein foam with those of aqueous film forming foam.
Film Forming Fluoroprotein Foam (FFFP)
Vessel or watercraft designed and constructed for the purpose of fighting fires; provides a specified level of pumping capacity and personnel for the extinguishment of fires in teh marine envirnoment. also known as ___
Fireboat
AKA marine Unit
Point at which the fire department can connect into a sprinkler or standpipe system. This connection consist of a clappered siamese with two or more 2.5 inch intakes or one large diameter 4 inch or larger intake.
Fire Department Connection (FDC)
Procedure used to determine the rate of water flow available for fire fighting at various points within the distribution system
Fire Flow Testing
Mechanical device installed in a discharge line that senses the amount of water flowing and provides a readout in units of gallons per minute
Flowmeter
Extendable section of ground extension or aerial ladder
Fly Section
Extinguishing agent formed by mixing a foam concentrate with water and aerating the solution for expansion; for se on Class A and Class B fires. Foam may be protein, fluoroprotein, film forming fluoroprotein, synthetic, aqueous film forming, high expansion, alcohol type, or alcohol resistant type
Foam
Raw chemical compound solution that is mixed with water and air to produce finished foam; may be protein, synthetic, aqueous film forming, high expansion, or alcohol types
Foam Concentrate
Raw foam liquid as it rests in its storage container before the introduction of water and air
Foam Concentrate
Result of adding air to a foam solution consisting of water and foam concentrate. Expansion creates the foam bubbles that result in finished foam or foam blanket.
Foam Expansion
Device that injects the correct amount of foam concentrate into the water stream to make the foam solution.
Foam Proportioner
The result of mixing the appropriate amount of foam concentrate with water; foam solution exists between the proportioner and the nozzle or aerating device that adds air to create finished foam.
Foam Solution
The mixture of foam concentrate and water before the intoduction of air
Foam Solution
Water stream of finely divided particles used for fire control
Fog Stream
Simple measure of weight, usually expressed in pounds
Force
Device that permits a pumper to boost the pressure in a supply line connected to a hydrant without interrupting the water flow
Four-Way Hydrant Valve
Amount of travel the clutch has before it begins to disengage the engine from the transmission
Free Play
Loss of pressure created by teh turbulence of water moving afainst the interior walls of the hose or pipe
Friction Loss
Fire pump mounted in front of the radiator of a vehicle and powered off the crankshaft
Font-Mount Pump
Stabilizing device that extends at an angle down and away from the chassis of an aerial fire apparatus. Also known as __, __, or ___
Fulcrum-Type Stabilizer
A-Frame
Scissor
X-Style Stabilizer
An inspection where a certain system or component of an apparatus is operated to ensure that it is functioning properly
Functional Check
Superabsorbent liquid polymers capable of absorbing hundreds of times their own weight in water. These gels can be used as fire suppressants and fire retardants. Gels function by entrapping water in their structure rather than air, as is the case with fire fighting foams. Also known as ___
Gelling Agents
AKA - Durable Agents
Theoretical safety zone that surrounds the center of gravity on an aerial apparatus.
Gravity Circle
Water supply system that utilizes lateral feeders for improved distribution
Grid System
Maximum amount of weight that an axle system can safely carry
Gross Axle Weight Rating
Willful and wanton disregard
Gross Negligence
Device designed to protect against electrical shock; when grounding occurs, the device opens a circuit to shut off the flow of electricity. also known as ____
Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI)
AKA Fround Fault indicator (GFI) receptiacle
Electrical field that radiates outward from where the current enters the ground; its intensity dissipates rapidly as distance increases from the point of entry
Fround Gradient
Condition, substance, or device that can directly cause injury or loss; the source of a risk
Hazard
System of barriers surrounding designated areas at emergency scenes, intended to limit the nunmber of persons exposed to a hazard and to facilitate its mitigation. A major incident has three zones; Restricted (Hot) Zone, Limited Access (Warm) Zone, and Support (Cold) Zone
Hazard-Control Zones
Alternate term for pressure, especially pressure due to elevation. For every 1 - foot increase in elevation, 0.434 psi is gained.
Head
or
Head Pressure
Device that limits noise-induced hearing loss when firefighters are exposed to extremely loud environments, such as apparatus engine noise, audible warning devices, and the use of power tools and equipment
Hearing Protection
Hydraulic cylinders used to lift the aerial device from its bed to a working position. AKA ____ or ___
Hoisting Cylinder
AKA Elevation Cylinder or Lift Cylinder
Potentially hazardous area immediately surrounding the incident site; requires appropriate protective clothing and equipment and other safety precautions for entry. Typically limited to technician-level personnel
Hot Zone
Mechanically applied rivet used in the construction of some aerial devices; ___ bolts can only be removed by drilling
Huck Bolt
Specially designed tool used to open or close a hydrant and to remove hydrant caps.
Hydrant Wrench
